Pedrelli Paola, MacPherson Laura, Khan Amanda J, Shapero Benjamin G, Fisher Lauren B, Nyer Maren, Cassano Paolo, Parnarouskis Lindsey, Farabaugh Amy, Fava Maurizio, Silveri Marisa M
Department of Psychiatry, Depression Clinical Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Alcohol Alcohol. 2018 Nov 1;53(6):674-681. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/agy045.
Heavy episodic drinking (HED) is a common behavior among college students that is associated with severe negative consequences. Negative reinforcement processes have been applied to elucidate mechanisms underlying relationships between consumption of alcohol and the desire to alleviate negative feelings. Distress tolerance (DT) and emotional reactivity are two mechanisms that are consistent with the self-medication model that may contribute to HED. The current study investigated relationships between DT, emotional reactivity, defined as frustration reactivity and irritability reactivity, and HED in a non-depressed college population. Given differential patterns of consumption and motivation for drinking between males and females, sex differences were also examined.
The study examined two constructs consistent with negative reinforcement processes, behavioral distress tolerance (DT) and emotional reactivity (frustration reactivity and irritability reactivity), to explain heavy episodic drinking (HED) among non-depressed college students. Behavioral DT and frustration reactivity independently predicted HED. Higher HED was associated with higher frustration reactivity and lower behavioral DT in women, but nor in men.
One-hundred-ten college students without depressive symptoms completed alcohol use measures and the Paced Auditory Serial Attention Task (PASAT-C) to assess behavioral DT and emotional reactivity.
DT and frustration reactivity independently predicted HED. The association between DT and HED was moderated by sex such that higher levels of DT predicted higher HED among females, but not among males. Higher frustration reactivity scores were associated with a greater number of HED.
Results provide supporting evidence that DT and emotional reactivity are distinct factors, and that they predict HED independently. Results underscore the importance of examining sex differences when evaluating the association between HED and negative reinforcement processes in this population.
大量偶发性饮酒（HED）是大学生中的一种常见行为，会带来严重的负面后果。负强化过程已被用于阐明酒精消费与缓解负面情绪愿望之间关系的潜在机制。痛苦耐受性（DT）和情绪反应性是与自我药疗模型一致的两种机制，可能导致大量偶发性饮酒。本研究调查了在非抑郁大学生群体中，DT、定义为挫折反应性和易怒反应性的情绪反应性与大量偶发性饮酒之间的关系。鉴于男性和女性在饮酒消费和动机模式上存在差异，还研究了性别差异。
该研究考察了与负强化过程一致的两个构念，即行为痛苦耐受性（DT）和情绪反应性（挫折反应性和易怒反应性），以解释非抑郁大学生中的大量偶发性饮酒（HED）现象。行为DT和挫折反应性独立预测大量偶发性饮酒。女性中较高的大量偶发性饮酒与较高的挫折反应性和较低的行为DT相关，但男性并非如此。
110名无抑郁症状的大学生完成了酒精使用测量和听觉连续注意力任务（PASAT-C），以评估行为DT和情绪反应性。
DT和挫折反应性独立预测大量偶发性饮酒。DT与大量偶发性饮酒之间的关联受到性别的调节，即较高水平的DT在女性中预测较高的大量偶发性饮酒，但在男性中并非如此。较高的挫折反应性得分与更多的大量偶发性饮酒事件相关。
结果提供了支持性证据，表明DT和情绪反应性是不同的因素，且它们独立预测大量偶发性饮酒。结果强调了在评估该人群中大量偶发性饮酒与负强化过程之间的关联时，考察性别差异的重要性。
