Yu Da-Qing, Zha Liang-Ping, Peng Hua-Sheng
School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
Institute of Conservation and Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2018 Jun;43(12):2624-2627. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20180329.011.
"Xishuang" is a special phenomenon that chemical composition of medicinal materials crystallize on the surface exposed to air for a long time. We summarized Herbal textual research of "Xishuang" phenomenon of six herbs, such as Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, Moutan Cortex, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, dried persimmon frost and watermelon frost. From historical perspective, cream of Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus was firstly discovered in Lei Gong's Moxibustion Theory. Thereafter, dried persimmon frost was found in Song Dynasty, which was named "white persimmon" in Ben Cao Tu Jing and had become an independent medicine in Compendium of Materia Medica. Then, watermelon frost was found in Yang Yi Da Quan of the Qing Dynasty, and Moutan Cortex's "sand star" was recorded in Zeng Ding Wei Yao Tiao Bian of the Republic of China. After that, "Xishuang" phenomenon of Atractylodis Rhizomaand Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex were reported in 1950s and 1960s in succession. The pattern of "Xishuang" is divided into different type, natural "Xishuang" includes Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, Moutan Cortex, Atractylodis Rhizoma and Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, artificial "Xishuang" includes watermelon frost, and dried persimmon frost formed crystals by using artificial intervention. The above 6 kinds of herbs have different crystal structure and chemical composition. Therefore, according to traditional identification experience, "Xishuang" phenomenon is related to varieties and quality of medicinal herbs. These research provide herbalism basis for the modern study of "Xishuang" medicinal materials.
“析霜”是指药材化学成分在长期暴露于空气中的表面结晶的一种特殊现象。我们总结了五味子、牡丹皮、白术、厚朴、柿霜和西瓜霜六种药材的“析霜”现象的本草考证。从历史角度来看，五味子膏最早在《雷公炮炙论》中被发现。此后，宋代发现了柿霜，《本草图经》中将其命名为“白柿”，在《本草纲目》中已成为独立药材。然后，清代的《疡医大全》中发现了西瓜霜，民国时期的《增订伪药条辨》中记载了牡丹皮的“砂星”。之后，白术和厚朴的“析霜”现象在20世纪50年代和60年代相继被报道。“析霜”的类型分为不同种类，天然“析霜”包括五味子、牡丹皮、白术和厚朴，人工“析霜”包括西瓜霜，柿霜是通过人工干预形成结晶。上述6种药材具有不同的晶体结构和化学成分。因此，根据传统鉴别经验，“析霜”现象与药材的品种和质量有关。这些研究为“析霜”药材的现代研究提供了本草学依据。
