Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Dalla Lana School of Public Health (DLSPH), University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 Jun 27;7(13):e008202. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.008202.
Although it is well established that heavy alcohol consumption increases the risk of hypertension, the risk associated with low levels of alcohol intake in men and women is unclear.
We searched Medline and Embase for original cohort studies on the association between average alcohol consumption and incidence of hypertension in people without hypertension. Random-effects meta-analyses and metaregressions were conducted. Data from 20 articles with 361 254 participants (125 907 men and 235 347 women) and 90 160 incident cases of hypertension (32 426 men and 57 734 women) were included. In people drinking 1 to 2 drinks/day (12 g of pure ethanol per drink), incidence of hypertension differed between men and women (relative risk=0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.93). In men, the risk for hypertension in comparison with abstainers was relative risk=1.19 (1.07-1.31; I=59%), 1.51 (1.30-1.76), and 1.74 (1.35-2.24) for consumption of 1 to 2, 3 to 4, and 5 or more standard drinks per day, respectively. In women, there was no increased risk for 1 to 2 drinks/day (relative risk=0.94; 0.88-1.01; I=73%), and an increased risk for consumption beyond this level (relative risk=1.42; 1.22-1.66).
Any alcohol consumption was associated with an increase in the risk for hypertension in men. In women, there was no risk increase for consumption of 1 to 2 drinks/day and an increased risk for higher consumption levels. We did not find evidence for a protective effect of alcohol consumption in women, contrary to earlier meta-analyses.
尽管大量饮酒会增加患高血压的风险，但男性和女性低水平饮酒摄入与风险的关联尚不清楚。
我们在 Medline 和 Embase 中搜索了关于无高血压人群中平均饮酒量与高血压发病率之间关联的原始队列研究。进行了随机效应荟萃分析和荟萃回归。纳入了 20 篇文章的数据，共 361254 名参与者（男性 125907 名，女性 235347 名）和 90160 例高血压事件（男性 32426 例，女性 57734 例）。在每天饮用 1 至 2 份饮料（每份 12 克纯乙醇）的人群中，男女之间高血压的发病率存在差异（相对风险=0.79；95%置信区间，0.67-0.93）。与不饮酒者相比，男性高血压的风险为：不饮酒者为 1.19（1.07-1.31；I=59%），每天饮用 1 至 2 份、3 至 4 份和 5 份或更多标准饮料的风险分别为 1.51（1.30-1.76）和 1.74（1.35-2.24）。女性每天饮用 1 至 2 份饮料时，风险没有增加（相对风险=0.94；0.88-1.01；I=73%），而超过这一水平的饮酒量则会增加患病风险（相对风险=1.42；1.22-1.66）。
任何饮酒量都会增加男性患高血压的风险。对于女性来说，每天饮用 1 至 2 份饮料不会增加风险，而更高的饮酒量则会增加风险。与之前的荟萃分析相反，我们没有发现饮酒对女性有保护作用的证据。
