Department of Neurotherapeutics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1076:119-146. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-0529-0_8.
It is now clear that the majority of transcription in humans results in the production of long non-protein-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with a variable length spanning from 200 bp up to several kilobases. To date, we have a limited understanding of the lncRNA function, but a huge number of evidences have suggested that lncRNAs represent an outstanding asset for cells. In particular, temporal and spatial expression of lncRNAs appears to be important for proper neurological functioning. Stunningly, abnormal lncRNA function has been found as being critical for the onset of neurological disorders. This chapter focus on the lncRNAs with a role in diseases affecting the central nervous system with particular regard for the lncRNAs causing those neurodegenerative diseases that exhibit dementia and/or motor dysfunctions. A specific section will be dedicated to the human neuronal lncRNAs that have been modelled in Drosophila. Finally, even if only few examples have been reported so far, an overview of the Drosophila lncRNAs with neurological functions will be also included in this chapter.
现在很清楚，人类转录的大部分产物是具有可变长度的长非蛋白编码 RNA（lncRNA），长度从 200bp 到几千个碱基不等。迄今为止，我们对 lncRNA 的功能了解有限，但大量证据表明 lncRNA 是细胞的重要组成部分。特别是，lncRNA 的时空表达似乎对神经系统的正常功能很重要。令人惊讶的是，异常的 lncRNA 功能被发现是神经紊乱疾病发病的关键。本章重点介绍在中枢神经系统疾病中具有作用的 lncRNA，特别关注导致表现出痴呆和/或运动功能障碍的神经退行性疾病的 lncRNA。将专门为在果蝇中建模的人类神经元 lncRNA 开辟一个特定的章节。最后，尽管到目前为止仅报道了少数几个例子，但本章还将包括具有神经功能的果蝇 lncRNA 的概述。
