Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Sep 19;20(18):4646. doi: 10.3390/ijms20184646.
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides (nt). LncRNAs have high spatiotemporal specificity, and secondary structures have been preserved throughout evolution. They have been implicated in a range of biological processes and diseases and are emerging as key regulators of gene expression at the epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional levels. Comparative analyses of lncRNA functions among multiple organisms have suggested that some of their mechanisms seem to be conserved. Transcriptome studies have found that some lncRNAs have highly specific expression patterns in embryos, nerves, and gonads. In vivo studies of lncRNAs have revealed that dysregulated expression of lncRNAs in may result in impaired embryo development, impaired neurological and gonadal functions, and poor stress resistance. In this review, we summarize the epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional mechanisms of lncRNAs and mainly focus on recent insights into the transcriptome studies and biological functions of lncRNAs in .
长链非编码 RNA（lncRNA）是一类长度超过 200 个核苷酸（nt）的非编码 RNA。lncRNA 具有高时空特异性，在进化过程中保留了二级结构。它们参与了一系列的生物学过程和疾病，并且作为表观遗传、转录和转录后水平基因表达的关键调节剂而出现。对多个生物体中 lncRNA 功能的比较分析表明，它们的一些机制似乎是保守的。转录组研究发现，一些 lncRNA 在胚胎、神经和性腺中具有高度特异性的表达模式。lncRNA 的体内研究表明，lncRNA 的表达失调可能导致胚胎发育受损、神经和性腺功能受损以及应激抗性差。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 lncRNA 的表观遗传、转录和转录后机制，并主要关注最近关于 lncRNA 在转录组研究和生物学功能方面的见解。
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