Mukhin Victor A, Zhuykova Elena V, Badalyan Susanna M
Department of Biodiversity and Bioecology, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia; Department of Vegetation and Mycobiota Biodiversity, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Division Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
Department of Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia.
Int J Med Mushrooms. 2018;20(6):561-568. doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.2018026278.
We analyzed intraspecies genetic variability of the medicinal tinder bracket polypore, Fomes fomentarius, from the Asian part of Russia, including the Ural, Altai, Western Sayan, and Baikal regions. We used nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data as a standard marker for fungal DNA barcoding. In the Asian part of Russia, lineage A occurs as sublineage A2, which differs from sublineage A1 by a single nucleotide insertion at ITS2.3. Sublineage A2 is distributed up to Lake Baikal in the Ural, Altai, and Western Sayan regions. It can be characterized as a Eurasian sublineage of F. fomentarius. Lineage B is also represented by 2 sublineages (B1 and B2), which differ from each other by nucleotide sequences at ITS2.1. Sublineage B1 is represented by a small group of isolates from Asia (Iran, China, Nepal, South Korea), whereas sublineage B2 mainly includes isolates from Europe (Great Britain, Italy, Latvia, Slovakia, Slovenia) and 2 separate samples from Asia (Iran, China); these locales compose the distribution area of F. fomentarius. In the Asian part of Russia, lineage B is represented by sublineage B2 found in the Southern Urals (at the border between Europe and Asia), which is the only area where sublineages A2 and B2 are present. These sublineages are characterized by different substrate spectra: sublineage A2 is predominantly associated with Betula spp. and rarely with Alnus and Larix trees, whereas sublineage B2 does not have a pronounced substrate preference and is found in basidiomes collected from Acer, Duschekia, Prunus, and Salix trees, but not Betula trees. In general, the spectrum of substrates for F. fomentarius lineages A and B in the Asian part of Russia corresponds to that in other parts of this polypore's distribution area. Data are needed on genetic intraspecies variability (polymorphism) in relation to pharmacological properties for further biotechnological cultivation and use of the medicinal fungus F. fomentarius.
我们分析了来自俄罗斯亚洲部分，包括乌拉尔、阿尔泰、西萨彦岭和贝加尔湖地区的药用 Tinder 多孔菌（Fomes fomentarius）的种内遗传变异性。我们使用核糖体 DNA 内部转录间隔区（ITS）序列数据作为真菌 DNA 条形码的标准标记。在俄罗斯亚洲部分，谱系 A 以亚谱系 A2 的形式出现，它与亚谱系 A1 的区别在于 ITS2.3 处有一个单核苷酸插入。亚谱系 A2 分布于乌拉尔、阿尔泰以及西萨彦岭地区直至贝加尔湖。它可被表征为 F. fomentarius 的一个欧亚亚谱系。谱系 B 也由 2 个亚谱系（B1 和 B2）代表，它们在 ITS2.1 处的核苷酸序列彼此不同。亚谱系 B1 由一小群来自亚洲（伊朗、中国、尼泊尔、韩国）的分离株代表，而亚谱系 B2 主要包括来自欧洲（英国、意大利、拉脱维亚、斯洛伐克、斯洛文尼亚）的分离株以及来自亚洲（伊朗、中国）的 2 个单独样本；这些地区构成了 F. fomentarius 的分布区域。在俄罗斯亚洲部分，谱系 B 由在南乌拉尔（欧洲和亚洲交界处）发现的亚谱系 B2 代表，这是亚谱系 A2 和 B2 同时存在的唯一区域。这些亚谱系具有不同的底物谱：亚谱系 A2 主要与桦木属物种相关，很少与桤木属和落叶松属树木相关，而亚谱系 B2 没有明显的底物偏好，在从槭属、杜氏属、李属和柳属树木采集的担子果中发现，但在桦木属树木中未发现。总体而言，俄罗斯亚洲部分 F. fomentarius 谱系 A 和 B 的底物谱与该多孔菌分布区域其他部分的底物谱相对应。需要有关与药理特性相关的种内遗传变异性（多态性）的数据，以便进一步对药用真菌 F. fomentarius 进行生物技术培养和利用。
