Elliott Sharon, Leland Natalie E
Sharon Elliott, DHS, GCG, OTR/L, BCG, FAOTA, is Healthy Aging Specialist, Pitt County Council on Aging, Greenville, NC;
Natalie E. Leland, PhD, OTR/L, BCG, FAOTA, is Associate Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, and Adjunct Faculty, Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University, Providence, RI.
Am J Occup Ther. 2018 Jul/Aug;72(4):7204190040p1-7204190040p11. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2018.030494.
Accidental falls among community-dwelling older adults are preventable and increase the risk of morbidity, hospitalization, and institutionalization. We updated and broadened a 2008 systematic review examining the evidence for the effectiveness of fall prevention interventions in improving fall-related outcomes, occupational performance, quality of life, and health care facility readmissions for community-dwelling older adults.
We searched and analyzed literature published from 2008 to 2015 from five electronic databases.
Fifty articles met the inclusion criteria and were critically appraised and synthesized-37 provided Level I; 5, Level II; and 8, Level III evidence. Analysis was organized into four intervention themes: single component, multicomponent, multifactorial, and population based. Mixed evidence was found for single-component and multifactorial interventions, strong evidence was found for multicomponent interventions, and moderate evidence was found for population-based interventions.
These findings can inform the delivery and integration of fall prevention interventions from acute care to community discharge.
社区居住的老年人意外跌倒可预防，且会增加发病、住院及入住养老院的风险。我们更新并扩展了一项2008年的系统评价，该评价审视了预防跌倒干预措施在改善社区居住老年人跌倒相关结局、职业表现、生活质量及医疗保健机构再入院率方面有效性的证据。
我们检索并分析了2008年至2015年期间来自五个电子数据库的文献。
50篇文章符合纳入标准，并经过严格评估与综合分析——37篇提供了I级证据；5篇提供了II级证据；8篇提供了III级证据。分析分为四个干预主题：单组分、多组分、多因素及基于人群的干预。单组分和多因素干预的证据不一，多组分干预有强有力的证据，基于人群的干预有中等强度的证据。
这些研究结果可为从急性护理到社区出院的预防跌倒干预措施的实施与整合提供参考。
