Müller Juliane K, Leweke F Markus
Med Monatsschr Pharm. 2016 Sep;39(9):363- 9.
Bipolar disorder is a severe psychiatric disorder, characterized by depressive, manic and mixed episodes. The illness affects about 1-2 % of the population. Bipolar I disorders affect both genders equally, whereas bipolar II disorders seem to occur more frequently in women. The classification of the different subtypes of bipolar disorders is done depending on the severity and frequency of the episodes. Other subtypes beside bipolar I and bipolar II disorder are rapid cycling (more than 4 episodes of mania, depression, hypomania or mixed state in one year) and cyclothymia (hypomanic and subdepressive symptoms over a two year period). Besides a thorough psychiatric and neurological examination, further clinical tests should be performed in order to exclude differential diagnosis (psychiatric as well as neurological and somatic diseases). The course of the illness is often negatively affected by the high frequency of psychiatric and somatic comorbidities. After all the prognosis of bipolar disorder is depending on the individual course of the illness. Notably comorbidities and psychotic symptoms seem to have a negative influence on the prognosis.
双相情感障碍是一种严重的精神疾病，其特征为抑郁、躁狂和混合发作。该疾病影响约1%-2%的人口。双相I型障碍对男女的影响相同，而双相II型障碍似乎在女性中更为常见。双相情感障碍不同亚型的分类取决于发作的严重程度和频率。除双相I型和双相II型障碍外，其他亚型包括快速循环型（一年中出现超过4次躁狂、抑郁、轻躁狂或混合状态发作）和环性心境障碍（两年期间出现轻躁狂和亚抑郁症状）。除了进行全面的精神科和神经科检查外，还应进行进一步的临床检查以排除鉴别诊断（精神科以及神经科和躯体疾病）。该疾病的病程常受到精神科和躯体共病高发生率的负面影响。毕竟，双相情感障碍的预后取决于疾病的个体病程。值得注意的是，共病和精神病性症状似乎对预后有负面影响。
