Guys Nicholas P, Mir Ahsan, Svider Peter F, Sheyn Anthony
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2018 Aug;111:153-157. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.06.009. Epub 2018 Jun 9.
Swimming has been reported as the most common recreational activity among American youths, while diving remains a popular youth activity as well. We characterize the most common facial injuries occurring during these activities and evaluate facial fracture mechanisms and demographic trends, as this information may be helpful in preventative counseling as well as diagnosis.
The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was assessed for swimming- and diving-related facial injuries in children from 2007 to 2016. Estimates of national injury incidence were recorded, and patient diagnoses, demographics, and injury mechanisms were evaluated.
In the 10-year period assessed, 789 NEISS entries extrapolated to an estimated 27,709 patients nationwide were analyzed. The yearly incidence fluctuated but steadily rose from 2013 to 2016. Males comprised a majority of injuries (58%), and laceration was the most common diagnosis (65%), followed by abrasion/contusion (22%) and fracture (9%). Facial fractures were most likely to involve the nasal bones (87%). Swimming injuries were more numerous overall (74%), but a greater proportion of diving injuries resulted in fracture (12% vs. 7%). Teenagers were also more likely to suffer fractures than were younger children involved in the same activities.
Most analyses of swimming and diving injuries have focused on spinal and orthopedic trauma. Nevertheless, the nature of headfirst diving and swim strokes suggest facial trauma is an underappreciated concern for clinicians. These findings reinforce the need for safer swimming and diving practices and serve as a useful resource for physicians managing pediatric facial injuries.
据报道，游泳是美国青少年中最常见的娱乐活动，而跳水也是一项受欢迎的青少年活动。我们对这些活动中最常见的面部损伤进行特征描述，并评估面部骨折机制和人口统计学趋势，因为这些信息可能有助于预防咨询和诊断。
对国家电子伤害监测系统进行评估，以获取2007年至2016年期间儿童与游泳和跳水相关的面部损伤情况。记录全国伤害发生率的估计值，并评估患者诊断、人口统计学和损伤机制。
在评估的10年期间，分析了789条国家电子伤害监测系统记录，推断全国约有27709名患者。年发病率有波动，但从2013年到2016年稳步上升。男性受伤者占多数（58%），最常见的诊断是撕裂伤（65%），其次是擦伤/挫伤（22%）和骨折（9%）。面部骨折最常累及鼻骨（87%）。总体而言，游泳受伤的人数更多（74%），但跳水受伤导致骨折的比例更高（12%对7%）。与参与相同活动的年幼儿童相比，青少年也更容易发生骨折。
大多数关于游泳和跳水损伤的分析都集中在脊柱和骨科创伤上。然而，头先入水的跳水方式和游泳姿势表明，面部创伤是临床医生未充分重视的一个问题。这些发现强化了采用更安全的游泳和跳水做法的必要性，并为治疗儿童面部损伤的医生提供了有用的参考资源。
