Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Womens Health Issues. 2018 Jul-Aug;28(4):358-366. doi: 10.1016/j.whi.2018.05.001. Epub 2018 Jun 27.
Black women who are positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are more likely than other HIV-positive women to experience poor health outcomes. Given these disparities, we compared receipt of HIV testing and other preventive services among Black, White, and Hispanic women participating in HIV prevention programs funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 2015.
Data came from 61 health department jurisdictions and 123 community-based organizations. Using Wald χ tests, we assessed racial/ethnic differences in HIV testing by demographic characteristics, risk factors, HIV status, HIV service delivery, and (using unlinked data) participation in evidence-based HIV prevention interventions among women. We also assessed temporal changes in Black women's receipt of preventive services (2012-2015).
In 2015, there were 1,326,589 HIV testing events (single sessions in which one or more HIV tests are performed to determine HIV status) that occurred among Black, White, and Hispanic women, resulting in 4,868 positive diagnoses. Proportionally fewer Black (vs. White and Hispanic) women were linked to HIV medical care within 90 days (64.4% vs. 69.1% and 73.7%), interviewed for partner services (50.4% vs. 54.4% and 63.5%), and referred to risk reduction services (55.5% vs. 57.7% and 59.8%). From 2012 to 2015, HIV testing events among Black women decreased by 15.2%, but linkage to care within 90 days increased by 30.6% and participation in one or more evidence-based intervention increased by 46.8% among HIV-positive Black women.
Black HIV-positive women were less likely than White and Hispanic women to receive services that prevent HIV-related morbidity and mortality. Additional programmatic efforts are needed to increase the proportion of HIV-positive Black women who are linked to services to reduce HIV disparities among women.
艾滋病毒（HIV）阳性的黑人女性比其他 HIV 阳性女性更有可能出现健康状况不佳的情况。鉴于这些差异，我们比较了 2015 年参加美国疾病控制与预防中心资助的艾滋病毒预防计划的黑种人、白种人和西班牙裔女性接受 HIV 检测和其他预防服务的情况。
数据来自 61 个卫生部门管辖区和 123 个社区组织。我们使用 Wald χ 检验，根据人口统计学特征、风险因素、HIV 状况、HIV 服务提供情况以及（使用非链接数据）参与妇女艾滋病毒预防干预措施的情况，评估了 HIV 检测方面的种族/族裔差异。我们还评估了黑人女性接受预防服务的情况（2012-2015 年）的时间变化。
2015 年，黑种人、白种人和西班牙裔女性共进行了 1326589 次 HIV 检测（单次检测中进行一次或多次 HIV 检测以确定 HIV 状况），其中 4868 次检测结果呈阳性。与白种人和西班牙裔女性相比，黑人女性在 90 天内与 HIV 医疗保健机构建立联系的比例较低（64.4%比 69.1%和 73.7%），接受伴侣服务咨询的比例较低（50.4%比 54.4%和 63.5%），转介到减少风险服务的比例较低（55.5%比 57.7%和 59.8%）。从 2012 年到 2015 年，黑人女性的 HIV 检测事件减少了 15.2%，但在 90 天内与保健机构建立联系的比例增加了 30.6%，感染 HIV 的黑人女性参与一种或多种基于证据的干预措施的比例增加了 46.8%。
与白种人和西班牙裔女性相比，艾滋病毒阳性的黑人女性获得预防与 HIV 相关发病率和死亡率的服务的可能性较小。需要进一步开展方案工作，以增加与服务机构建立联系的艾滋病毒阳性黑人女性比例，从而减少妇女中的艾滋病毒差异。
