Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France; Université de Nantes, UFR Sciences et Techniques, 2, rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322, Nantes Cedex 03, France.
Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Écotoxicologie, rue de l'île d'Yeu, BP 21105, F-44311, Nantes Cedex 03, France.
Chemosphere. 2018 Oct;209:801-814. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.139. Epub 2018 Jun 26.
The toxicity of the antifouling compounds diuron, irgarol, zinc pyrithione (ZnPT), copper pyrithione (CuPT) and copper was tested on the three marine microalgae Tisochrysis lutea, Skeletonema marinoi and Tetraselmis suecica. Toxicity tests based on the inhibition of growth rate after 96-h exposure were run using microplates. Chemical analyses were performed to validate the exposure concentrations and the stability of the compounds under test conditions. Single chemicals exhibited varying toxicity depending on the species, irgarol being the most toxic chemical and Cu the least toxic. Selected binary mixtures were tested and the resulting interactions were analyzed using two distinct concentration-response surface models: one using the concentration addition (CA) model as reference and two deviating isobole models implemented in R software; the other implementing concentration-response surface models in Excel, using both CA and independent action (IA) models as reference and three deviating models. Most mixtures of chemicals sharing the same mode of action (MoA) were correctly predicted by the CA model. For mixtures of dissimilarly acting chemicals, neither of the reference models provided better predictions than the other. Mixture of ZnPT together with Cu induced a strong synergistic effect on T. suecica while strong antagonism was observed on the two other species. The synergy was due to the transchelation of ZnPT into CuPT in the presence of Cu, CuPT being 14-fold more toxic than ZnPT for this species. The two modelling approaches are compared and the differences observed among the interaction patterns resulting from the mixtures are discussed.
研究了杀草隆、戊唑醇、吡啶硫酮锌（ZnPT）、吡啶硫酮铜（CuPT）和铜这 5 种防污化合物对 3 种海洋微藻——新月菱形藻、海洋卡盾藻和牟氏角毛藻的毒性。采用微孔板法进行了为期 96 小时的暴露抑制生长率毒性试验。进行了化学分析，以验证暴露浓度和测试条件下化合物的稳定性。单一化学物质的毒性因物种而异，戊唑醇毒性最大，铜毒性最小。测试了选定的二元混合物，并使用两种不同的浓度-反应曲面模型分析了由此产生的相互作用：一种使用浓度加和（CA）模型作为参考，两种偏离的等摩尔模型在 R 软件中实现；另一种在 Excel 中实现浓度-反应曲面模型，同时以 CA 和独立作用（IA）模型作为参考，并采用三种偏离模型。具有相同作用模式（MoA）的大多数化学物质混合物都可以通过 CA 模型正确预测。对于作用模式不同的化学物质混合物，参考模型都没有比其他模型提供更好的预测。ZnPT 与铜的混合物对牟氏角毛藻表现出强烈的协同作用，而对另外两种物种则表现出强烈的拮抗作用。协同作用是由于在铜存在的情况下，ZnPT 发生转螯合作用生成 CuPT，而对于该物种，CuPT 的毒性比 ZnPT 高 14 倍。比较了两种建模方法，并讨论了混合物产生的相互作用模式的差异。
