Wang Xiao-Nan, Yan Zhen-Guang, Yu Ruo-Zhen, Wang Wan-Hua, Chen Li-Hong, Liu Zheng-Tao
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effects and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2016 Aug 8;37(8):3216-3223. doi: 10.13277/j.hjkx.2016.08.050.
Recently, China has commenced water quality criteria (WQC) research using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method. However, it is difficult to obtain sufficient toxicity data on native species for thousands of contaminants. In this study, the feasibility of deriving aquatic life criteria using toxicity data from non-native species was analyzed (taking the USA as an example). Firstly, 10 pollutants [As(Ⅲ), Cr(Ⅵ), Hg, Cu, Pb, Zn, nitrobenzene, parathion, chlorpyrifos, tributyltin] with plenty of toxicity data (at least 3 Phyla and 8 Families) both in China and the USA were selected based on the recommended aquatic life criteria of 58 pollutants by the US EPA. Secondly, the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test and comparison method of important points of HC and HC (hazardous concentrations for 5% of the species and 50% of the species) were used to determine the difference of species sensitivity between China and the USA. The result of two-sample K-S test showed that the difference of species sensitivity to Cu, chlorpyrifos and tributyltin between the two countries was significant (<0.05). Additionally, there were significant differences for HC values [Cr(Ⅵ), chlorpyrifos] between the two countries, as well as the HC (chlorpyrifos). As a result, there were significant differences for the species sensitivity to some pollutants [Cr(Ⅵ), chlorpyrifos, etc.] between China and the USA. Therefore, in this situation, "over-protection" or "non-protection" may happen when using the criteria values or the toxicity data of American species directly to protect the Chinese native species.
最近，中国已开始采用物种敏感度分布（SSD）方法开展水质标准（WQC）研究。然而，要获取数千种污染物针对本土物种的足够毒性数据并非易事。在本研究中，分析了使用非本土物种毒性数据推导水生生物标准的可行性（以美国为例）。首先，根据美国环境保护局（US EPA）推荐的58种污染物水生生物标准，选取了在中国和美国均有大量毒性数据（至少3个门和8个科）的10种污染物[砷（Ⅲ）、铬（Ⅵ）、汞、铜、铅、锌、硝基苯、对硫磷、毒死蜱、三丁基锡]。其次，采用双样本柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔诺夫（K-S）检验以及HC和HC（5%物种和50%物种的危险浓度）关键点比较方法，来确定中美两国物种敏感度的差异。双样本K-S检验结果表明，两国对铜、毒死蜱和三丁基锡的物种敏感度差异显著（<0.05）。此外，两国之间的HC值[铬（Ⅵ）、毒死蜱]以及HC（毒死蜱）存在显著差异。因此，中美两国对某些污染物[铬（Ⅵ）、毒死蜱等]的物种敏感度存在显著差异。所以，在这种情况下，直接使用美国物种的标准值或毒性数据来保护中国本土物种时，可能会出现“过度保护”或“未保护”的情况。
