Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios del Agua-Investigaciones en Producción Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Centro de Investigaciones en Toxicología Ambiental y Agrobiotecnología del Comahue, Universidad Nacional del Comahue y Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires and Neuquén, Argentina.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2019 Aug;38(8):1748-1755. doi: 10.1002/etc.4441.
The Pampa Húmeda region in Argentina is characterized by soybean, wheat, and maize production, with intensive application of agrochemicals such as herbicides and insecticides. We used a joint probabilistic approach to analyze the probabilities for environmental chlorpyrifos concentrations measured in the Pampa Húmeda to exceed acute or chronic hazardous concentration for 5% of the species (HC5) values estimated from species sensitivity distributions for aquatic species. Chlorpyrifos concentrations in water ranged from 0.0005 to 10.8 µg/L, with a median of 0.013 µg/L. The HC5 limits were 0.0637 µg/L for acute and 0.0007 µg/L for chronic effects. The probabilities for chlorpyrifos environmental concentrations to exceed the HC5 values ranged from 35% (acute effects) to 96% (chronic effects). Water quality criteria (WQC) for the protection of aquatic life were also frequently exceeded (by 48-87%) for both acute and chronic effects. Together with published threshold limit values from mesocosm studies, these data suggest that macroinvertebrate communities can be severely affected by the reported environmental concentrations of chlorpyrifos. Indeed, changes in the macroinvertebrate assemblage in the Pampa Húmeda have been correlated with chlorpyrifos levels in sediments. Nevertheless, the actual impact needs to be ascertained by assessing the recovery rate of macroinvertebrate populations in this region. Considering the HC5 for chronic effects and the threshold limits for macroinvertebrate community level effects, we propose 0.7 ng/L as a new WQC to effectively protect aquatic life from long-term exposure to chlorpyrifos. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1748-1755. © 2019 SETAC.
阿根廷潘帕湿地区以大豆、小麦和玉米生产为特征，大量使用农用化学品，如除草剂和杀虫剂。我们采用联合概率方法分析了潘帕湿地区环境中氯吡硫磷浓度超过水生物种物种敏感性分布估计的急性或慢性危险浓度 5%（HC5）值的概率。水中氯吡硫磷浓度范围为 0.0005 至 10.8 µg/L，中位数为 0.013 µg/L。急性和慢性影响的 HC5 限值分别为 0.0637 µg/L 和 0.0007 µg/L。氯吡硫磷环境浓度超过 HC5 值的概率范围为 35%（急性影响）至 96%（慢性影响）。为保护水生生物而制定的水质标准（WQC）也经常超标（急性和慢性影响分别为 48-87%）。与来自中观研究的公布阈值极限值一起，这些数据表明，报道的氯吡硫磷环境浓度可能严重影响大型无脊椎动物群落。事实上，潘帕湿地区大型无脊椎动物组合的变化与沉积物中的氯吡硫磷水平有关。然而，需要通过评估该地区大型无脊椎动物种群的恢复速度来确定实际影响。考虑到慢性影响的 HC5 和大型无脊椎动物群落水平影响的阈值极限，我们建议将 0.7 ng/L 作为新的 WQC，以有效保护水生生物免受长期接触氯吡硫磷的影响。Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1748-1755。 © 2019 SETAC。
