Xie Rui-Jia, Hou Hong-Xia, Chen Yong-Shan
Environmental Monitoring Station of Quanzhou, Quanzhou 362000, China.
Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2018 Apr 8;39(4):1484-1492. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201705153.
Burning fireworks is one of the sources of atmospheric fine particles (PM). The Chinese Spring Festival in Quanzhou City was taken as an example to study the effects of burning fireworks on the occurrence of PM, and provide information on protection against air pollution caused by special pollution sources. The results showed that the concentrations of SO, PM, and PM increased appreciably, and the concentration of PM increased most significantly during the fireworks burning period. The peak daily average concentration in the urban area was about 4 times the annual average concentration in the urban area. The peak value of the hourly average concentration of PM in the Tushan Street station was about 21 times the annual average concentration in the urban area. At the peak of the discharge, the ratios of the characteristic elements of fireworks, such as Al, Mg, Ba, Cu, and Sr, increased rapidly, and the hourly number concentrations of Al, Mg, Ba, and Cu were highly correlated. During the monitoring period, the main pollution sources of fine particles in Quanzhou City were fireworks and biomass burning, which accounted for more than half of the total particulate matter. The proportion of pollutants originating from coal-based and industrial process sources were relatively low, and both of them accounted for less than 10.0% of the particulate matter. The concentration of PM was up to 0.578 mg·m during the fireworks burning period, the rate of contribution by fireworks increased to 58.2%. Analysis of the pollution process showed that the changes in the concentration of PM have a similar trend with the number concentration and the ratio of fireworks burning. The results indicated that the main reason of the deterioration of the atmospheric environment during the Chinese Spring Festival in Quanzhou is the centralized discharging of fireworks.
燃放烟花是大气细颗粒物（PM）的来源之一。以泉州市春节期间为例，研究燃放烟花对PM产生情况的影响，并提供针对特殊污染源造成空气污染的防护信息。结果表明，在燃放烟花期间，SO、PM和PM的浓度显著增加，其中PM浓度增加最为显著。市区日平均浓度峰值约为市区年平均浓度的4倍。土山街站PM小时平均浓度峰值约为市区年平均浓度的21倍。在排放峰值时，烟花的特征元素如Al、Mg、Ba、Cu和Sr的比值迅速增加，且Al、Mg、Ba和Cu的小时数浓度高度相关。监测期间，泉州市细颗粒物的主要污染源为烟花燃放和生物质燃烧，二者占颗粒物总量的一半以上。来自煤基和工业过程源的污染物比例相对较低，二者占颗粒物的比例均小于10.0%。燃放烟花期间PM浓度高达0.578mg·m，烟花燃放的贡献率增至58.2%。对污染过程的分析表明，PM浓度变化与烟花燃放的数浓度和比值具有相似趋势。结果表明，泉州市春节期间大气环境恶化的主要原因是烟花的集中燃放。
