Feng Xiao-Qiong, Chen Jun-Hui, Yin Han-Mei, Xu Xue-Mei
Sichuan Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Chengdu 610041, China.
Sichuan Province Environmental Protection Technology Engineering Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610041, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2023 Feb 8;44(2):680-690. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202202187.
Based on the observation data of air quality and PM components, the influence of fireworks on pollutant concentrations, PM components, and secondary transformation during the Spring Festival period from 2019 to 2022 in Chengdu were analyzed. The results indicated that the fireworks had a greater impact on the concentration of SO, PM, and PM than the other pollutants. During the centralized discharge of fireworks from 2019 to 2022, the average hourly concentrations of SO, PM, and PM increased by 6.7, 105.0, and 117.4 μg·m, with an increase of 135%, 236%, and 203%, respectively. During the centralized discharge period of fireworks, the contributions of fireworks to the SO, PM, and PM concentration were 10.0%-34.0%, 28.1%-31.3%, and 27.8%-34.6%, respectively. The impact time of fireworks on air quality decreased slightly, from 42 h in 2019 to 38 h in 2022; however, the impact on PM concentration fluctuated, and the impact in 2022 was similar to that in 2019. The main components of fireworks were K, Cl, Al, K, and Cl; the concentrations of these components were high and increased rapidly during the concentrated discharge, accounting for 5%-18% of PM, with an increase rate of 87%-1511%. The discharge of fireworks had little effect on NH, V, Cd, and Co, and the variation range was within±20%. Throughout the pollution period during the Spring Festival, the mass concentrations of the main components of fireworks were 4.9-31.7 times and 7.4-68.2 times that of the heavy pollution and good weather before the Spring Festival, and their proportions increased by 4%-8%. Secondary sources; fireworks; and biomass burning, coal burning, and industry were the main sources of PM during the 2019-2022 Spring Festival. The contribution rate of fireworks and biomass combustion was 13%-25%, with higher contribution rates in 2019 and 2022. From the perspective of the impact of meteorological conditions on fireworks discharge, high humidity, low wind speed, and low temperature will intensify the impact of firework discharge on air quality and vice versa. Wind speed mainly affected Al, K, Cl, and SO, whereas relative humidity mainly affected secondary components such as NO and NH.
基于空气质量和颗粒物成分的观测数据，分析了2019 - 2022年春节期间烟花爆竹对成都污染物浓度、颗粒物成分及二次转化的影响。结果表明，烟花爆竹对二氧化硫（SO）、细颗粒物（PM）和可吸入颗粒物（PM）浓度的影响比对其他污染物的影响更大。在2019 - 2022年烟花爆竹集中燃放期间，二氧化硫、细颗粒物和可吸入颗粒物的平均小时浓度分别增加了6.7、105.0和117.4μg·m，增幅分别为135%、236%和203%。在烟花爆竹集中燃放期间，烟花爆竹对二氧化硫、细颗粒物和可吸入颗粒物浓度的贡献率分别为10.0% - 34.0%、28.1% - 31.3%和27.8% - 34.6%。烟花爆竹对空气质量的影响时间略有下降，从2019年的42小时降至2022年的38小时；然而，对细颗粒物浓度的影响波动较大，2022年的影响与2019年相似。烟花爆竹的主要成分是钾（K）、氯（Cl）、铝（Al）、钾（K）和氯（Cl）；这些成分的浓度较高，在集中燃放期间迅速增加，占细颗粒物的5% - 18%，增长率为87% - 151%。烟花爆竹的燃放对铵（NH）、钒（V）、镉（Cd）和钴（Co）的影响较小，变化范围在±20%以内。在春节整个污染期间，烟花爆竹主要成分的质量浓度分别是春节前重度污染和好天气情况下的4.9 - 31.7倍和7.4 - 68.2倍，其占比增加了4% - 8%。二次源、烟花爆竹以及生物质燃烧、煤炭燃烧和工业是2019 - 2022年春节期间细颗粒物的主要来源。烟花爆竹和生物质燃烧的贡献率为13% - 25%，2019年和2022年的贡献率较高。从气象条件对烟花爆竹燃放的影响来看，高湿度、低风速和低温会加剧烟花爆竹燃放对空气质量的影响，反之亦然。风速主要影响铝、钾、氯和二氧化硫，而相对湿度主要影响氮氧化物（NO）和铵等二次成分。
