Zhang Qing-Hua, Wei Yong-Zhu, Cao Jian-Hua, Yu Shi
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, Ministry of Land and Resources & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin 541004, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2018 Apr 8;39(4):1598-1607. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201708210.
The characteristics of heavy metal pollution in drinking water in the Liujiang river basin and its potential hazards on human health were investigated. In this study, the regular water-quality indices and the contents of metal elements Cd, As, Cr, Hg, Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe, and Mn in the Liujiang river and its main tributaries were detected from January to December of 2016. The health risks of drinking contaminated water were evaluated by the health risk assessment model recommended by the US EPA. The results showed that the concentrations of all of the aforementioned metal elements, except Hg, did not exceed the limits recommended by China's surface water environmental quality standard (GB 3838-2002). Pearson correlation analysis of the concentrations of metal elements indicated that Cd, Pb, As, and Fe may have similar sources, and Cu, Cr, Hg, and Zn may have source of diversity, while there was no significant correlation between the concentrations of metal elements and the pH value. The carcinogenic health risks posed by heavy metal elements in the Liujiang river basin in adults and children were 4.52E-04 a and 5.91E-04 a, respectively, while the non-carcinogenic health risks were 8.96E-09 a and 1.14E-08 a, respectively. The heavy metal elements in drinking water, on the basis of their average carcinogenic health risks, were ranked as Cr > As > Cd, and the risk levels ranged from 3.58E-06 to 1.21E-04 a; the risk values of Cr and As were higher than the maximum allowance levels recommended by ICRP (5.0×10 a). Simultaneously, the risk levels of the average non-carcinogenic health risks ranged from 3.53E-12 to 2.87E-09 a, and the range was lower than the maximum allowance levels recommended by EPA. Carcinogens, especially Cr and As, are the main causes of health risks in the aquatic environment of the Liujiang river basin, and should be prioritized as the main objects of aquatic environmental risk management in the Liujiang river basin.
对柳江流域饮用水中的重金属污染特征及其对人体健康的潜在危害进行了调查。本研究于2016年1月至12月对柳江及其主要支流的常规水质指标以及金属元素镉（Cd）、砷（As）、铬（Cr）、汞（Hg）、锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）、铅（Pb）、铁（Fe）和锰（Mn）的含量进行了检测。采用美国环境保护局（US EPA）推荐的健康风险评估模型对饮用受污染水的健康风险进行了评估。结果表明，除汞外，上述所有金属元素的浓度均未超过中国地表水水环境质量标准（GB 3838 - 2002）推荐的限值。金属元素浓度的Pearson相关性分析表明，镉、铅、砷和铁可能具有相似的来源，而铜、铬、汞和锌可能具有多种来源，同时金属元素浓度与pH值之间无显著相关性。柳江流域重金属元素对成人和儿童造成的致癌健康风险分别为4.52E - 04 a和5.91E - 04 a，非致癌健康风险分别为8.96E - 09 a和1.14E - 08 a。饮用水中的重金属元素，基于其平均致癌健康风险，排序为铬＞砷＞镉，风险水平范围为3.58E - 06至1.21E - 04 a；铬和砷的风险值高于国际放射防护委员会（ICRP）推荐的最大允许水平（5.0×1〇^ - 5 a）。同时，平均非致癌健康风险的风险水平范围为3.53E - 12至2.87E - 09 a，该范围低于美国环境保护局（EPA）推荐的最大允许水平。致癌物，尤其是铬和砷，是柳江流域水生环境中健康风险的主要成因，应作为柳江流域水生环境风险管理的主要对象予以优先考虑。
