Yao Jing-Bo, Wang Ming-Xin, Qi Jin-di, Sun Xiang-Wu, Zhang Wen-Yi
College of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2017 May 8;38(5):1807-1816. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201611043.
Totally 126 samples of windowsill dust were collected from different floors along elevated road in Changzhou. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni and Cr were determined, and the vertical distribution and chemical speciation were analyzed. The enrichment factor, bioaccessiblity, potential ecological risk and health risk were evaluated. The results showed that the average contents of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni and Cu were 181.95, 709.99, 211.24, 2.76, 101.59 and 257.55 mg·kg respectively, which were all higher than the background value. The enrichment factor of Cd was 33.05, with enrichment degree of strongly enriched. The enrichment degrees of Cu, Pb and Zn were all significantly enriched. These four heavy metals may come not only from transportation source, but also from natural source and regional industrial polluted gas. The enrichment factors of Ni and Cr were low, which may result from natural source. With the elevation of house height, the concentration of Cd increased, the concentrations of Pb and Zn increased first and then decreased, while Cu showed no significant differences. Zn, Cd, Cu and Pb mainly existed in the active form, while Ni and Cr mainly existed in the residual form. The bioaccessiblity of Zn and Cd was high, while that of other heavy metals was low. The modified potential ecology risk evaluation results showed that the risk of Cd was extremely high, and contributed mainly to the potential risk index of multi-element. The Cd from the windowsill of high height showed higher potential ecological risk. The carcinogenic risk of Cr to children was higher than the threshold value, while the carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk of other metals to children and adults were all below the safety thresholds.
共采集了常州市高架道路沿线不同楼层的126份窗台灰尘样本。测定了铜、锌、铅、镉、镍和铬的浓度，并分析了其垂直分布和化学形态。评估了富集因子、生物可利用性、潜在生态风险和健康风险。结果表明，铜、锌、铅、镉、镍和铬的平均含量分别为181.95、709.99、211.24、2.76、101.59和257.55 mg·kg，均高于背景值。镉的富集因子为33.05，富集程度为强富集。铜、铅和锌的富集程度均为显著富集。这四种重金属可能不仅来自交通源，还来自自然源和区域工业污染气体。镍和铬的富集因子较低，可能源于自然源。随着房屋高度的升高，镉的浓度增加，铅和锌的浓度先增加后降低，而铜无显著差异。锌、镉、铜和铅主要以活性形态存在，而镍和铬主要以残留形态存在。锌和镉的生物可利用性较高，而其他重金属的生物可利用性较低。修正后的潜在生态风险评价结果表明，镉的风险极高，对多元素潜在风险指数贡献较大。高处窗台的镉显示出较高的潜在生态风险。铬对儿童的致癌风险高于阈值，而其他金属对儿童和成人的致癌风险和非致癌风险均低于安全阈值。
