Wang Ren-Jie, Wang Kun, Zhang Fan, Gao Jia-Jia, Li Yue, Yue Tao
Transport Planning and Research Institute Beijing, Beijing 100028, China.
Beijing Municipal Institute of Labour Protection, Beijing 100054, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2017 Sep 8;38(9):3553-3560. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201701087.
In recent years, with the rapid increase in automobile volume, vehicle emissions have become one of the major emission sources of urban air pollution in China. In China, most of the national and provincial roads have been the channels that connect different cities. Up until 2015, the length of national and provincial roads have reached 1.85×10 km and 3.29×10km, respectively, accounting for 13% of the mileage of all classified highways. Therefore, active research on vehicle emissions from national and provincial roads between cities in China is of great significance. Few studies have been conducted on air pollutant emissions from intercity vehicles. In this study, emission characteristics of intercity vehicles were investigated based on traffic monitoring data and the "calculation guide of air pollutant emission for road vehicles". The results showed that the CO, NO, PM, and HC emissions accounted for 4.5%, 27.9%, 14.4%, and 7.7% of national vehicle emissions, respectively. There were significant differences in emission contributions among different types of intercity vehicles. Heavy trucks were major contributors to NO, PM, and PM emissions and motorcycles contributed most to CO and HC. Furthermore, there were significant differences in emission contributions of vehicle types on different road types; the major contributor of CO and HC emissions was small passenger cars on expressways. Motorcycles were the main contributors to CO and HC emissions on ordinary roads.
近年来，随着汽车保有量的快速增长，车辆排放已成为中国城市空气污染的主要排放源之一。在中国，大部分国道和省道都是连接不同城市的通道。截至2015年，国道和省道的长度分别达到1.85×10公里和3.29×10公里，占所有等级公路里程的13%。因此，积极开展中国城市间国道和省道车辆排放研究具有重要意义。关于城际车辆空气污染物排放的研究较少。本研究基于交通监测数据和《道路车辆大气污染物排放计算方法》，对城际车辆的排放特征进行了研究。结果表明，一氧化碳、氮氧化物、颗粒物和碳氢化合物排放分别占全国车辆排放的4.5%、27.9%、14.4%和7.7%。不同类型城际车辆的排放贡献存在显著差异。重型卡车是氮氧化物、颗粒物和一次颗粒物排放的主要贡献者，摩托车对一氧化碳和碳氢化合物排放贡献最大。此外，不同道路类型上车辆类型的排放贡献也存在显著差异；高速公路上一氧化碳和碳氢化合物排放的主要贡献者是小型客车。普通道路上一氧化碳和碳氢化合物排放的主要贡献者是摩托车。
