Feng Tian-Jiao, Wei Wei, Chen Li-Ding, Chen Die, Yu Yang, Yang Lei
State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2017 Sep 8;38(9):3860-3870. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201702126.
Soil moisture plays a crucial role in maintaining the health and sustainability of dryland ecosystems. Terracing and other similar land preparations can reshape the natural slope and change underlying surface into different micro-landforms, which are significant for rainwater harvesting, erosion control, and vegetation promotion in arid regions. In this study, the Longtan Watershed in Dingxi region was selected as the study area. Based on experiments, soil sampling analysis, and modeling simulation, the effects of land preparation and artificial vegetation (Fish-scale pit/Adverse grade tableland-) on soil moisture characteristics curves and soil moisture constants were quantitatively analyzed. ①The land preparations could effectively improve the soil moisture content in the study catchment of Loess Plateau. Compared with natural slope, soil water content of land preparations increased by 1.883%(volume fraction) on average and fish-scale pit method and adverse grade tableland method enhanced the soil moisture by 29.69% and 15.55%, respectively. ② Compared with the natural slope, fish-scale pit and adverse grade tableland could significantly improve the soil hydraulic properties. After carrying out the land preparations, saturated soil water content and soil properties such as field capacity increased by 4.24%-11.40%, suggesting that land preparations can improve soil moisture and water supply ability. ③ Surface soil moisture characteristics were better than those of the underlying soil layers after land preparations. Compared with the natural slope, fish-scale pit and adverse grade tableland's shallow soil layer (0-20 cm) increased the moisture by 38.75% and 23.84%, respectively, whereas in the deep layer (60-80 cm) the increment of moisture were only 3.34% and 3.85%, respectively. This research provides scientific basis for vegetation restoration and land improvement in fragile semi-arid ecosystems.
土壤水分在维持旱地生态系统的健康和可持续性方面起着至关重要的作用。梯田及其他类似的土地整治措施能够重塑自然坡度，并将下层地表转变为不同的微地形，这对于干旱地区的雨水收集、侵蚀控制和植被促进具有重要意义。本研究选取定西地区的龙潭流域作为研究区域。基于实验、土壤采样分析和模型模拟，定量分析了土地整治和人工植被（鱼鳞坑/反坡梯田）对土壤水分特征曲线和土壤水分常数的影响。①土地整治能够有效提高黄土高原研究流域的土壤含水量。与自然坡度相比，土地整治后的土壤含水量平均提高了1.883%（体积分数），其中鱼鳞坑法和反坡梯田法分别使土壤水分提高了29.69%和15.55%。②与自然坡度相比，鱼鳞坑和反坡梯田能够显著改善土壤水力性质。进行土地整治后，饱和土壤含水量和田间持水量等土壤性质提高了4.24% - 11.40%，这表明土地整治能够改善土壤水分和供水能力。③土地整治后表层土壤的水分特征优于下层土壤。与自然坡度相比，鱼鳞坑和反坡梯田的浅层土壤层（0 - 20厘米）水分分别增加了38.75%和23.84%，而深层土壤层（60 - 80厘米）水分增量仅分别为3.34%和3.85%。本研究为脆弱半干旱生态系统的植被恢复和土地改良提供了科学依据。
