Costa Hugo C M, Peres Carlos A, Abrahams Mark I
Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Brazil.
Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.
PeerJ. 2018 Jun 27;6:e5058. doi: 10.7717/peerj.5058. eCollection 2018.
The flood pulse is the main factor structuring and differentiating the ecological communities of Amazonian unflooded () and seasonally-flooded () forests as they require unique adaptations to survive the prolonged annual floods. Therefore, and forests hammer out a spatio-temporal mosaic of resource availability, which may result in landscape scale seasonal movements of terrestrial vertebrates between adjacent forest types. Yet the lateral movements of terrestrial vertebrates between hydrologically distinct neighbouring forest types exhibiting staggered resource availability remains poorly understood, despite the important implications of this spatial dynamic for the ecology and conservation of forest wildlife. We examined the hypothesis of terrestrial fauna seasonal movements between two adjacent forest types at two contiguous sustainable-use forest reserves in Western Brazilian Amazonia. We used camera trapping data on the overall species richness, composition, and abundance of nine major vertebrate trophic guilds to infer on terrestrial vertebrate movements as a function of seasonal changes in floodplain water level. Species richness differed in neighboring forests between the high-and low-water phases of the flood pulse and forests were more species rich than forests. There were clear differences in species composition between both forest types and seasons. Generalized Linear Models showed that water level was the main factor explaining aggregate abundance of all species and three trophic guilds. Our results indicate that the persistence of viable populations of large terrestrial vertebrates adjacent to major Amazonian rivers requires large, well-connected forest landscapes encompassing different forest types to ensure large-scale lateral movements by forest wildlife.
洪水脉冲是塑造和区分亚马逊非泛滥（）和季节性泛滥（）森林生态群落的主要因素，因为这些森林需要独特的适应性来度过每年持续的洪水期。因此，和森林形成了资源可利用性的时空镶嵌体，这可能导致陆地脊椎动物在相邻森林类型之间进行景观尺度的季节性迁移。然而，尽管这种空间动态对森林野生动物的生态和保护具有重要意义，但对于在水文条件不同、资源可利用性交错的相邻森林类型之间陆地脊椎动物的横向迁移，我们仍然知之甚少。我们在巴西亚马逊西部两个相邻的可持续利用森林保护区，检验了两种相邻森林类型之间陆地动物季节性迁移的假设。我们利用相机陷阱数据，获取了九个主要脊椎动物营养类群的总体物种丰富度、组成和丰度，以推断陆地脊椎动物的迁移与洪泛平原水位季节性变化之间的关系。在洪水脉冲的高水位和低水位阶段，相邻的森林中物种丰富度存在差异，森林的物种比森林更丰富。两种森林类型和季节之间的物种组成存在明显差异。广义线性模型表明，水位是解释所有物种和三个营养类群总丰度的主要因素。我们的研究结果表明，在亚马逊主要河流附近，大型陆地脊椎动物的可存活种群的持续存在需要广阔且连接良好的森林景观，包括不同的森林类型，以确保森林野生动物能够进行大规模的横向迁移。
