Skrzypek Edyta, Warzecha Tomasz, Noga Angelika, Warchoł Marzena, Czyczyło-Mysza Ilona, Dziurka Kinga, Marcińska Izabela, Kapłoniak Kamila, Sutkowska Agnieszka, Nita Zygmunt, Werwińska Krystyna, Idziak-Helmcke Dominika, Rojek Magdalena, Hosiawa-Barańska Marta
Department of Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Kraków, Poland.
Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Science, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Polska.
PeerJ. 2018 Jun 25;6:e5107. doi: 10.7717/peerj.5107. eCollection 2018.
The oat × maize addition (OMA) lines are used for mapping of the maize genome, the studies of centromere-specific histone (CENH3), gene expression, meiotic chromosome behavior and also for introducing maize C4 photosynthetic system to oat. The aim of our study was the identification and molecular-cytogenetic characterization of oat × maize hybrids.
Oat DH lines and oat × maize hybrids were obtained using the wide crossing of L. with L. The plants identified as having a retrotransposon fragment, which produced seeds, were used for genomic hybridization (GISH).
A total of 138 oat lines obtained by crossing of 2,314 oat plants from 80 genotypes with maize cv. Waza were tested for the presence of maize chromosomes. The presence of maize chromatin was indicated in 66 lines by amplification of the PCR product (500 bp) generated using primers specific for the maize retrotransposon . Genomic hybridization (GISH) detected whole maize chromosomes in eight lines (40%). All of the analyzed plants possessed full complement of oat chromosomes. The number of maize chromosomes differed between the OMA lines. Four OMA lines possessed two maize chromosomes similar in size, three OMA-one maize chromosome, and one OMA-four maize chromosomes. In most of the lines, the detected chromosomes were labeled uniformly. The presence of six 45S rDNA loci was detected in oat chromosomes, but none of the added maize chromosomes in any of the lines carried 45S rDNA locus. Twenty of the analyzed lines did not possess whole maize chromosomes, but the introgression of maize chromatin in the oat chromosomes. Five of 66 hybrids were shorter in height, grassy type without panicles. Twenty-seven OMA lines were fertile and produced seeds ranging in number from 1-102 (in total 613). Sixty-three fertile DH lines, out of 72 which did not have an addition of maize chromosomes or chromatin, produced seeds in the range of 1-343 (in total 3,758). Obtained DH and OMA lines were fertile and produced seeds.
In wide hybridization of oat with maize, the complete or incomplete chromosomes elimination of maize occur. Hybrids of oat and maize had a complete set of oat chromosomes without maize chromosomes, and a complete set of oat chromosomes with one to four retained maize chromosomes.
燕麦×玉米附加系（OMA）用于玉米基因组图谱绘制、着丝粒特异性组蛋白（CENH3）研究、基因表达研究、减数分裂染色体行为研究，还用于将玉米C4光合系统引入燕麦。本研究的目的是鉴定燕麦×玉米杂种并进行分子细胞遗传学特征分析。
通过L.与L.的远缘杂交获得燕麦双单倍体系（DH系）和燕麦×玉米杂种。将鉴定为具有反转录转座子片段且能产生种子的植株用于基因组杂交（GISH）。
用80个基因型的2314株燕麦与玉米品种Waza杂交，共获得138个燕麦系，并检测其中玉米染色体的存在情况。通过对玉米反转录转座子特异性引物扩增产生的PCR产物（500 bp）进行扩增，在66个系中检测到玉米染色质的存在。基因组杂交（GISH）在8个系（40%）中检测到完整的玉米染色体。所有分析的植株都拥有完整的燕麦染色体组。OMA系中玉米染色体的数量各不相同。四个OMA系拥有两条大小相似的玉米染色体，三个OMA系有一条玉米染色体，一个OMA系有四条玉米染色体。在大多数系中，检测到的染色体被均匀标记。在燕麦染色体中检测到六个45S rDNA位点，但在任何系中添加的玉米染色体都没有携带45S rDNA位点。20个分析系没有完整的玉米染色体，但燕麦染色体中有玉米染色质的渗入。66个杂种中有5个株高较矮，呈草丛状，无穗。27个OMA系可育，产生的种子数量为1 - 102粒（共613粒）。72个未添加玉米染色体或染色质的可育DH系中，63个产生的种子数量在1 - 343粒之间（共3758粒）。获得的DH系和OMA系可育并能产生种子。
在燕麦与玉米的远缘杂交中，玉米染色体存在完全或不完全消除的情况。燕麦和玉米的杂种具有一套完整的燕麦染色体而无玉米染色体，以及一套完整的燕麦染色体并保留一至四条玉米染色体。
