Bertin Aline, Cornilleau Fabien, Lemarchand Julie, Boissy Alain, Leterrier Christine, Nowak Raymond, Calandreau Ludovic, Blache Marie-Claire, Boivin Xavier, Arnould Cécile, Lansade Léa
PRC, CNRS, IFCE, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
PRC, CNRS, IFCE, INRA, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
Behav Processes. 2018 Dec;157:470-473. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2018.06.015. Epub 2018 Jun 30.
The positive aspect of emotions, like pleasure, remains overlooked in birds. Our aim was to contribute to the exploration of facial indicators of positive emotions. To observe contrasting emotional expressions, we used two lines of Japanese quail divergently selected on their inherent fearfulness: a fearful line (long tonic immobility duration: LTI) and a less fearful line (short tonic immobility duration: STI). To induce positive emotions, we gave individual quail the opportunity to perform a rewarding behaviour, dustbathing, in an unfamiliar cage. More STI than LTI quail expressed dustbathing and latencies to dustbathe were significantly shorter in STI than LTI quail. This result indicated that the lines of quail differed in their fearfulness of the situation. We observed crown feather height, throat feather angle and pupil surface before (control) and during dustbathing. We found significant increases in crown feather height, pupil area and angle of throat feathers between the control and the dustbathing phases in STI quail, and pupil area correlated positively with crown feather height. In LTI quail, the angle of throat feathers increased during dustbathing, but the other parameters did not differ. We argue that variation in crown feather height and pupil area may provide indications of positive emotions in Japanese quail.
在鸟类中，诸如愉悦等情绪的积极方面仍被忽视。我们的目标是助力探索积极情绪的面部指标。为了观察对比鲜明的情绪表达，我们使用了根据其固有恐惧程度进行不同选择培育的两系日本鹌鹑：一系为恐惧系（强直静止时间长：LTI），另一系为恐惧程度较低的系（强直静止时间短：STI）。为了诱发积极情绪，我们让单个鹌鹑有机会在一个陌生的笼子里进行一种有益的行为——沙浴。进行沙浴的STI鹌鹑比LTI鹌鹑更多，且STI鹌鹑开始沙浴的潜伏期明显短于LTI鹌鹑。这一结果表明，这两系鹌鹑对该情境的恐惧程度不同。我们在沙浴前（对照）和沙浴期间观察了头顶羽毛高度、喉部羽毛角度和瞳孔面积。我们发现，STI鹌鹑在对照阶段和沙浴阶段之间，头顶羽毛高度、瞳孔面积和喉部羽毛角度有显著增加，且瞳孔面积与头顶羽毛高度呈正相关。在LTI鹌鹑中，沙浴期间喉部羽毛角度增加，但其他参数没有差异。我们认为，头顶羽毛高度和瞳孔面积的变化可能为日本鹌鹑的积极情绪提供指示。
