国际规范与尼日利亚性教育的政治。
International norms and the politics of sexuality education in Nigeria.
机构信息
Department of Public Administration and Policy, School of Public Affairs, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC, 20016-8070, USA.
Department of Sociology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
出版信息
Global Health. 2018 Jul 3;14(1):63. doi: 10.1186/s12992-018-0377-2.
BACKGROUND
Proponents have promoted sexuality education as a means of empowering adolescents, yet it has been thwarted in many low and middle-income countries. Nigeria represents an exception. Despite social opposition, the government in 1999 unexpectedly approved sexuality education policy. Since then, implementation has advanced, although efficacy has differed across states. We draw on theory concerning international norm diffusion to understand Nigerian policy development.
RESULTS
We find that a confluence of international and national norms and interests shaped policy outcomes, including concern over HIV/AIDS. A central dynamic was an alliance of domestic NGOs and international donors pressing the Nigerian government to act.
CONCLUSIONS
We argue that theory on international norms can be applied to understand policy dynamics across a variety of health and population areas, finding value in approaches that integrate rather than juxtapose consideration of (1) international and national influences; (2) long and short-term perspectives on policy change; and (3) norms and interests.
背景
提倡者将性教育作为增强青少年权能的一种手段，但在许多低收入和中等收入国家却受到阻碍。尼日利亚是一个例外。尽管存在社会反对，政府在 1999 年出人意料地批准了性教育政策。此后，尽管各州的实施效果不同，但实施工作一直在推进。我们借鉴有关国际规范传播的理论来理解尼日利亚的政策制定。
结果
我们发现，国际和国家规范和利益的融合塑造了政策成果，包括对艾滋病毒/艾滋病的关注。一个核心动态是，国内非政府组织和国际捐助者联盟向尼日利亚政府施压，要求其采取行动。
结论
我们认为，关于国际规范的理论可以应用于理解各种卫生和人口领域的政策动态，在整合而不是并列考虑以下方面的方法中具有价值：（1）国际和国家的影响；（2）政策变化的长期和短期观点；以及（3）规范和利益。
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