Merck Animal Health, 2 Giralda Farm, Madison, NJ, 07940, USA.
David R Young, Young Veterinary Research Services, 213 South Roselawn Avenue, Turlock, CA, 95380, USA.
Parasit Vectors. 2018 Jul 3;11(1):385. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2927-0.
Fluralaner (Bravecto®, Merck Animal Health, Madison, NJ, USA) is a novel isoxazoline that provides up to 12 weeks flea and tick control when administered orally to dogs. Two assessor-blinded studies, one in dogs, the other in cats evaluated the sustained efficacy of a topical fluralaner formulation against fleas in a simulated home environment (SHE).
Animals were ranked and blocked into groups of two using flea counts completed 24 hours following Ctenocephalides felis infestations placed on dogs on Day -64, and on cats on Day -36. Within blocks animals were randomized to a treatment group, 10 animals per group, one group to receive fluralaner spot-on (minimum dose rate for dogs, 25 mg/kg; for cats, 40 mg/kg), the other to be a sham-treated control. Animals were then placed into their SHE, one animal per pen or cage and then infested with 100 C. felis at weekly intervals. Dogs were infested from Day -56 through -21 and cats on Days -28 and -21. Fleas were counted and removed from each dog and cat on Day -1. Study animals were then held in clean pens/cages until treatment on Day 0. One day later, after treatment, all animals were returned to their home environment (SHE). Additional 50-flea challenges were placed on each animal on Days 22, 50 and 78. Fleas were counted and replaced on all animals on Day 1 and weekly thereafter for 12 weeks.
Arithmetic mean counts in control-group animals exceeded 10 fleas at all post-treatment assessments except on Days 1, 7 and 14. All control-group animals remained infested at each assessment from Day or 28 through Day 84, thereby validating the challenge methodology. Fluralaner efficacy was 100% on all occasions except for 2 fleas found on 1 dog on Day 1, and 3 fleas on 1 dog on Day 14. One flea was recovered from 1 fluralaner treated cat on Day 1. There were no treatment-related adverse events.
A single application of a topical formulation of fluralaner is well tolerated and highly effective in the prevention of flea infestations of dogs and cats throughout the 12 weeks following treatment.
氟雷拉纳（Bravecto ® ，默克动物保健，新泽西州麦迪逊，美国）是一种新型异噁唑啉，当口服给予狗时，可提供长达 12 周的跳蚤和蜱控制。两项评估者盲法研究，一项在狗中进行，另一项在猫中进行，评估了一种局部氟雷拉纳制剂在模拟家庭环境（SHE）中对跳蚤的持续疗效。
根据 24 小时后犬 Ctenocephalides felis 感染后完成的跳蚤计数，对动物进行排序和分组，每组 2 只，一组在第 -64 天，另一组在第 -36 天对狗进行分组，一组在第 -36 天对猫进行分组。在每组内，动物随机分为治疗组，每组 10 只动物，一组给予氟雷拉纳点涂（狗的最低剂量率为 25mg/kg；猫为 40mg/kg），另一组作为假处理对照。然后，动物被放入 SHE，每只动物一只笼子或一个笼子，然后每周用 100 只 C. felis 进行感染。狗从第 -56 天到 -21 天感染，猫从第 -28 天和 -21 天感染。每天给每只狗和猫计数并清除跳蚤。研究动物在清洁的笼子/笼子中饲养，直到第 0 天治疗。一天后，在治疗后，所有动物都被放回他们的家庭环境（SHE）。在第 22、50 和 78 天，对每只动物进行额外的 50 只跳蚤挑战。每天给所有动物计数并更换跳蚤，此后每周持续 12 周。
除第 1、7 和 14 天外，对照组动物在所有治疗后评估中的算术平均值计数均超过 10 只跳蚤。所有对照组动物在第 28 天至第 84 天的每次评估中均保持感染，从而验证了挑战方法的有效性。除了第 1 天发现的 1 只狗上有 2 只跳蚤和第 14 天发现的 1 只狗上有 3 只跳蚤外，氟雷拉纳的疗效为 100%。在第 1 天，1 只氟雷拉纳处理过的猫身上发现了 1 只跳蚤。没有与治疗相关的不良事件。
单次应用局部氟雷拉纳制剂在治疗后 12 周内，对狗和猫的跳蚤感染具有良好的耐受性和高度的有效性。
