Velemínská J, Danková S, Břízová M, Červenková L, Krajíček V
Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
Homo. 2018 May;69(3):110-117. doi: 10.1016/j.jchb.2018.06.004. Epub 2018 Jun 12.
The aim of this study was to introduce suitable imaging technique and analytical methods for a detailed description of the facial movements in relation to sexual dimorphism and age in adult individuals. Removing of size factor from the analysis, we hypothesised that there will be no significant intersexual difference in facial mobility. We assume facial movements to be more pronounced in the older age category due to increasing the facial surface. We have compared five facial movements - raising eyebrows, closing eyes, pursing of the lips, inflating of the cheeks and smile - in relation to neutral expression of the human face. The material sample comprised three-dimensional facial surface models of healthy adult individuals of the Czech nationality (63 females, 58 males). Methods of geometric morphometry and multivariate statistics were used. Local tissue motion due to facial movements was expressed using colour-coded maps. The movement showing significant intersexual difference was inflating of the cheeks. Ageing in both sexes has significantly influenced the facial mobility on average after 50 years of age. Changes related to senescence have occurred in eye closing, smile and inflating of the cheeks. An enlarged facial surface has been noted in the group of individuals belonging to the older age category, what is probably the result of increased manifestation of skin folds and wrinkles. This is related to the loss of skin elasticity and overall weakening of the underlying muscles, especially in the infraorbital and cheeks area.
本研究的目的是引入合适的成像技术和分析方法，以详细描述成年个体面部运动与性别二态性和年龄的关系。在分析中去除大小因素，我们假设面部活动度不存在显著的两性差异。我们认为由于面部表面积增加，面部运动在老年人群体中会更加明显。我们比较了与人类面部中性表情相关的五种面部运动——挑眉、闭眼、撅嘴、脸颊鼓起和微笑。材料样本包括捷克国籍健康成年个体的三维面部表面模型（63名女性，58名男性）。使用了几何形态测量学和多元统计方法。面部运动引起的局部组织运动用彩色编码图表示。表现出显著两性差异的运动是脸颊鼓起。平均而言，50岁以后，衰老对两性的面部活动度都有显著影响。闭眼、微笑和脸颊鼓起出现了与衰老相关的变化。在老年人群体中，面部表面积增大，这可能是皮肤褶皱和皱纹增多的结果。这与皮肤弹性丧失以及深层肌肉整体减弱有关，尤其是眶下和脸颊区域。
