Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Center for Inflammatory and Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Center for Inflammatory and Immunological Diseases, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019 Mar;143(3):844-851. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.05.021. Epub 2018 Jun 30.
The development and widespread use of vaccines, which are defined by the World Health Organization as "biological preparations that improve immunity to a particular disease," represents one of the most significant strides in medicine. Vaccination was first applied to reduce mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases. The World Health Organization estimates that vaccines prevent 2 to 3 million human deaths annually, and these numbers would increase by at least 6 million if all children received the recommended vaccination schedule. However, the origins of allergen immunotherapy share the same intellectual paradigm, and subsequent innovations in vaccine technology have been applied beyond the prevention of infection, including in the treatment of cancer and allergic diseases. This review will focus on how new and more rational approaches to vaccine development use novel biotechnology, target new mechanisms, and shape the immune system response, with an emphasis on discoveries that have direct translational relevance to the treatment of allergic diseases.
疫苗的开发和广泛应用，世界卫生组织将其定义为“提高对特定疾病免疫力的生物制剂”，是医学领域的重大突破之一。疫苗的首次应用是为了降低传染病的死亡率和发病率。世界卫生组织估计，疫苗每年可预防 200 万至 300 万人死亡，如果所有儿童都按照推荐的免疫接种计划进行接种，这个数字至少还会增加 600 万。然而，过敏原免疫疗法的起源也有着相同的知识范式，随后疫苗技术的创新已超出了预防感染的范畴，包括癌症和过敏性疾病的治疗。本综述将重点介绍疫苗开发的新方法和更合理的方法如何利用新型生物技术，针对新机制，并塑造免疫系统的反应，重点介绍与过敏性疾病治疗直接相关的发现。
