Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Trends Cell Biol. 2018 Oct;28(10):823-834. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.06.003. Epub 2018 Jun 30.
Cell migration controls developmental processes (gastrulation and tissue patterning), tissue homeostasis (wound repair and inflammatory responses), and the pathobiology of diseases (cancer metastasis and inflammation). Understanding how cells move in physiologically relevant environments is of major importance, and the molecular machinery behind cell movement has been well studied on 2D substrates, beginning over half a century ago. Studies over the past decade have begun to reveal the mechanisms that control cell motility within 3D microenvironments - some similar to, and some highly divergent from those found in 2D. In this review we focus on migration and invasion of cells powered by actin, including formation of actin-rich protrusions at the leading edge, and the mechanisms that control nuclear movement in cells moving in a 3D matrix.
细胞迁移控制着发育过程（原肠胚形成和组织模式形成）、组织内稳态（伤口修复和炎症反应）以及疾病的病理生物学（癌症转移和炎症）。了解细胞在生理相关环境中的运动方式非常重要，半个多世纪前，人们就在 2D 基质上对细胞运动背后的分子机制进行了深入研究。过去十年的研究开始揭示控制细胞在 3D 微环境中运动的机制——其中一些与 2D 中的机制相似，而另一些则大不相同。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注由肌动蛋白驱动的细胞的迁移和侵袭，包括在前沿形成富含肌动蛋白的突起，以及控制在 3D 基质中移动的细胞中核运动的机制。
