Ricarte Jorge Javier, Ros Laura, Fernández Dolores, Nieto Marta, Latorre José Miguel
Department of Psychology, University of Castilla La Mancha, Spain.
Scand J Psychol. 2018 Oct;59(5):553-559. doi: 10.1111/sjop.12464. Epub 2018 Jul 4.
Repetitive thought may have adaptive and functional consequences, depending on, among other things, the interpretation of the content: analytical or abstract (general and decontextualized) and experiential or concrete (specific, contextual and incidental). Studies experimentally manipulating repetitive thought have shown both the constructive consequences of the experiential mode and the dysfunctional consequences of the analytical mode. The aim of the current study is to observe the effect of analytical and experiential rumination of negative self-defining memories on schizotypic symptoms. A sample of 111 university students were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental conditions of induced rumination, "analytical" or "experimental." The participants completed a series of questionnaires (anomalous perception of reality, preoccupation and depression) and a negative self-defining memory was obtained to be used as the content of the induced rumination. Following the rumination induction, participants in the experiential condition significantly decreased their scores on anomalous perception of reality compared with those in the analytical condition. We also observed that post-induction scores on self-reported sadness significantly increased in both experimental conditions while scores on self-reported happiness decreased. Our results show that the concrete/experiential rumination, focused here on negative self-defining memories, have positive consequences on schizotypic symptoms, such as decreased anomalous perception of reality.
反复思考可能会产生适应性和功能性的后果，这尤其取决于对内容的解读：分析性的或抽象的（一般的且脱离情境的）以及体验性的或具体的（特定的、情境性的和偶然的）。通过实验操纵反复思考的研究表明，体验模式具有建设性后果，而分析模式则具有功能失调性后果。本研究的目的是观察对消极的自我定义记忆进行分析性和体验性反刍对分裂型症状的影响。111名大学生样本被随机分配到诱导反刍的两种实验条件之一，即“分析性”或“体验性”。参与者完成了一系列问卷（对现实的异常感知、先占观念和抑郁），并获取了一个消极的自我定义记忆作为诱导反刍的内容。在反刍诱导之后，与分析性条件下的参与者相比，体验性条件下的参与者在对现实的异常感知方面的得分显著降低。我们还观察到，在两种实验条件下，诱导后自我报告的悲伤得分显著增加，而自我报告的幸福得分降低。我们的结果表明，这里聚焦于消极自我定义记忆的具体/体验性反刍对分裂型症状具有积极影响，比如降低对现实的异常感知。
