Rimes Katharine A, Watkins Ed
Academic Department of Psychological Medicine, Section of General Hospital Psychiatry (P062), Institute of Psychiatry (King's College London), Weston Education Centre, Cutcombe Rd, London SE5 9RJ, UK.
Behav Res Ther. 2005 Dec;43(12):1673-81. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2004.12.002.
Previous research in dysphoric participants has found that compared with distraction, rumination inductions are associated with increased levels of cognitive distortions and overgeneral autobiographical memories. Watkins and Teasdale ((2001) Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 353-357) investigated which component of rumination was responsible for this effect in overgeneral memory, and found two distinct modes of ruminative self-focus, with analytical, evaluative self-focus maintaining overgeneral memory, whereas self-focus low in analytical thinking reduced overgeneral memory. The present study compared the effects of these two distinct forms of self-focused rumination with another measure of overgeneral thinking--global negative self-judgements. Thirty depressed participants and thirty never-depressed participants were randomly allocated to 'analytic' (high analysis) or 'experiential' (low analysis) self-focused manipulations. As predicted, in depressed participants, the analytical self-focus condition increased ratings of the self as worthless and incompetent pre- to post-manipulation, whereas the experiential self-focus condition resulted in no significant change in such judgements. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that an analytical mode of self-focused rumination may be particularly maladaptive in depression.
先前针对烦躁不安参与者的研究发现，与分心相比，沉思诱导与认知扭曲水平的提高以及过度概括的自传体记忆有关。沃特金斯和蒂斯代尔（（2001年）《变态心理学杂志》，110卷，第353 - 357页）研究了沉思的哪个成分导致了过度概括记忆中的这种效应，并发现了两种不同的沉思性自我聚焦模式，即分析性、评价性自我聚焦维持过度概括记忆，而分析性思维较少的自我聚焦则减少过度概括记忆。本研究将这两种不同形式的自我聚焦沉思的效果与另一种过度概括思维的测量方法——全局性消极自我评判进行了比较。30名抑郁参与者和30名从未抑郁的参与者被随机分配到“分析性”（高分析）或“体验性”（低分析）自我聚焦操纵组。正如所预测的那样，在抑郁参与者中，分析性自我聚焦条件下，操纵前后对自我无价值和无能的评分增加，而体验性自我聚焦条件下，此类评判没有显著变化。结果与以下假设一致，即自我聚焦沉思的分析模式在抑郁症中可能特别具有适应不良性。
