Solano-Gálvez Sandra Georgina, Abadi-Chiriti Jack, Gutiérrez-Velez Luis, Rodríguez-Puente Eduardo, Konstat-Korzenny Enrique, Álvarez-Hernández Diego-Abelardo, Franyuti-Kelly Giorgio, Gutiérrez-Kobeh Laila, Vázquez-López Rosalino
Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucán Estado de México 52786, México.
Med Sci (Basel). 2018 Jul 4;6(3):54. doi: 10.3390/medsci6030054.
There are many types of cell death, each involving multiple and complex molecular events. Cell death can occur accidentally when exposed to extreme physical, chemical, or mechanical conditions, or it can also be regulated, which involves a genetically coded complex machinery to carry out the process. Apoptosis is an example of the latter. Apoptotic cell death can be triggered through different intracellular signalling pathways that lead to morphological changes and eventually cell death. This is a normal and biological process carried out during maturation, remodelling, growth, and development in tissues. To maintain tissue homeostasis, regulatory, and inhibitory mechanisms must control apoptosis. Paradoxically, these same pathways are utilized during infection by distinct intracellular microorganisms to evade recognition by the immune system and therefore survive, reproduce and develop. In cancer, neoplastic cells inhibit apoptosis, thus allowing their survival and increasing their capability to invade different tissues and organs. The purpose of this work is to review the generalities of the molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways involved in apoptosis induction and inhibition. Additionally, we compile the current evidence of apoptosis modulation during cancer and infection as a model of apoptosis regulation by an intracellular microorganism.
细胞死亡有多种类型，每种类型都涉及多个复杂的分子事件。当细胞暴露于极端的物理、化学或机械条件时，可能会意外发生死亡，或者细胞死亡也可以受到调控，这涉及到一套由基因编码的复杂机制来执行这一过程。凋亡就是后者的一个例子。凋亡性细胞死亡可以通过不同的细胞内信号通路触发，这些信号通路会导致形态变化并最终导致细胞死亡。这是在组织的成熟、重塑、生长和发育过程中发生的一个正常生物学过程。为了维持组织稳态，调控和抑制机制必须控制凋亡。矛盾的是，在不同的细胞内微生物感染期间，这些相同的信号通路会被利用，以逃避免疫系统的识别，从而得以存活、繁殖和发展。在癌症中，肿瘤细胞抑制凋亡，从而使其得以存活，并增强其侵袭不同组织和器官的能力。这项工作的目的是综述凋亡诱导和抑制所涉及的分子机制和信号通路的概况。此外，我们收集了目前关于癌症和感染期间凋亡调节的证据，作为细胞内微生物调节凋亡的一个模型。
