Department of Psychology.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 2018 Jul;147(7):1023-1042. doi: 10.1037/xge0000440.
This research explores the consequences of two states of mind on judgment: a subjective state, looking at the world from one's own eyes, and an objective state, in which one thinks of oneself from the imagined perspective of an external observer. In six experiments, we show that judgments people make while they are in a subjective state of mind are more influenced by metacognitive experience compared with judgments people make when they are in an objective state of mind. This is demonstrated in Experiments 1-3, using two different manipulations for the two states of mind and two different fluency tasks. Experiment 4 explores the underlying mechanism and demonstrates that an objective state does not lessen the metacognitive experience itself; rather, it affects the reliance on this experience as a relevant source of information. Finally, in Experiments 5 and 6 we investigate implications of our hypothesis for doing experimental research in psychology. We find that taking part in a laboratory experiment resembles the experimental condition of an objective state of mind, as participants rely less on their metacognition compared with conditions aimed to restore the subjective state of mind within the lab setting. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings regarding social influences on judgments and decisions in psychology labs and in the real world. (PsycINFO Database Record
一种是主观状态，即从自己的角度看待世界；另一种是客观状态，即从外部观察者的想象角度思考自己。在六个实验中，我们表明，当人们处于主观思维状态时所做的判断，比当他们处于客观思维状态时所做的判断更容易受到元认知经验的影响。这在实验 1-3 中得到了证明，我们使用了两种不同的思维状态操纵方法和两种不同的流畅性任务。实验 4 探讨了潜在的机制，并表明客观状态本身并不会减少元认知体验；相反，它会影响对这种体验作为相关信息来源的依赖程度。最后，在实验 5 和 6 中，我们研究了我们的假设对心理学实验研究的影响。我们发现，参与实验室实验类似于客观思维状态的实验条件，与旨在恢复实验室环境中主观思维状态的条件相比，参与者对元认知的依赖程度降低。我们讨论了我们的研究结果对心理学实验室和现实世界中判断和决策的社会影响的理论和实践意义。
