Irons Jessica L, Leber Andrew B
Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2018 Oct;44(10):1637-1654. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000560. Epub 2018 Jul 5.
Goal-directed attentional control can substanially aid visual search, but only if it is recruited in an effective manner. Previously we found that strategies chosen to control attention vary considerably across individuals, and we proposed that effort avoidance may lead some individuals to choose suboptimal strategies. Here we present a more thorough analysis of individual differences in attentional control strategies. We used the adaptive choice visual search, which provides a method to quantify an individual's attentional control strategy in a dynamically changing, unconstrained environment. We found that individual's strategy choices are highly reliable across sessions, suggesting that attentional control strategies are stable and trait-like. In Experiment 2, we explored the extent to which strategy use was related to subjective evaluations of effort and performance. Results showed that the extent to which individuals found the optimal strategy to be effortful and effective predicted their likelihood of making optimal choices on a subsequent choice block. These results provide the first evidence for a relationship between effort and strategic attentional control, and they highlight the important and often neglected role of strategy in understanding attentional control. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).
目标导向的注意力控制能够极大地助力视觉搜索，但前提是要以有效的方式加以运用。此前我们发现，用于控制注意力的策略在个体之间差异很大，并且我们提出，避免努力可能会导致一些个体选择次优策略。在此，我们对注意力控制策略中的个体差异进行了更深入的分析。我们采用了自适应选择视觉搜索，它提供了一种在动态变化、不受约束的环境中量化个体注意力控制策略的方法。我们发现，个体的策略选择在不同实验环节中高度可靠，这表明注意力控制策略是稳定的且类似特质。在实验2中，我们探究了策略使用与努力和表现的主观评估之间的关联程度。结果显示，个体认为最优策略费力且有效的程度，预测了他们在后续选择块上做出最优选择的可能性。这些结果首次证明了努力与策略性注意力控制之间的关系，并且突出了策略在理解注意力控制方面重要且常被忽视的作用。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》（c）2018美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
