USDA-ARS , Natural Products Utilization Research Unit , P.O. Box 1848, University , Mississippi 38677 , United States of America.
J Agric Food Chem. 2018 Jul 25;66(29):7553-7561. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02316. Epub 2018 Jul 17.
Chemical pesticides and their formulation ingredients can have unintended effects on microbes associated with plants and plant pests. These effects can be due to direct effects on the microbes or to effects on crops or weeds that subsequently affect the microbes. In addition to fungicides, some insecticides, herbicides, and formulation compounds are toxic to plant pathogenic microbes, as well as to potentially beneficial microbes, such as those that infect insect pests. These chemicals, especially herbicides, can also indirectly affect microbes through their effects on crops and weeds. For example, glyphosate strongly impairs shikimic acid pathway-based plant defenses to microbial diseases in glyphosate-susceptible plants, significantly increasing its efficacy as an herbicide. Some herbicides induce plant defenses against plant pathogens. For a complete understanding of integrated pest management and overall cost/benefit of pesticide use, much more information is needed on microbial/pesticide interactions.
化学农药及其制剂成分可能会对与植物和植物害虫相关的微生物产生意想不到的影响。这些影响可能是由于对微生物的直接影响，也可能是由于对作物或杂草的影响，进而影响微生物。除了杀菌剂，一些杀虫剂、除草剂和制剂化合物对植物病原微生物以及潜在有益的微生物（如感染害虫的微生物）具有毒性。这些化学物质，尤其是除草剂，也可以通过对作物和杂草的影响间接影响微生物。例如，草甘膦强烈削弱了基于莽草酸途径的植物对微生物疾病的防御能力，使其作为除草剂的功效显著提高。一些除草剂会诱导植物对植物病原体产生防御。为了全面了解病虫害综合治理以及农药使用的总体成本/效益，需要更多关于微生物/农药相互作用的信息。
