Department of Crop Protection, Agricultural Engineering, and Soils, São Paulo State University, 15385-000, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil; email:
Laboratory of Host-Parasite Interaction, Department of Plant Pathology, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2018 Aug 25;56:427-456. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-050036. Epub 2018 Jul 5.
The devastating wheat blast disease first emerged in Brazil in 1985. The disease was restricted to South America until 2016, when a series of grain imports from Brazil led to a wheat blast outbreak in Bangladesh. Wheat blast is caused by Pyricularia graminis-tritici ( Pygt), a species genetically distinct from the Pyricularia oryzae species that causes rice blast. Pygt has high genetic and phenotypic diversity and a broad host range that enables it to move back and forth between wheat and other grass hosts. Recombination is thought to occur mainly on the other grass hosts, giving rise to the highly diverse Pygt population observed in wheat fields. This review brings together past and current knowledge about the history, etiology, epidemiology, physiology, and genetics of wheat blast and discusses the future need for integrated management strategies. The most urgent current need is to strengthen quarantine and biosafety regulations to avoid additional spread of the pathogen to disease-free countries. International breeding efforts will be needed to develop wheat varieties with more durable resistance.
毁灭性的小麦条锈病于 1985 年首次在巴西出现。该疾病直到 2016 年才局限于南美洲，当时一系列从巴西进口的谷物导致孟加拉国爆发了小麦条锈病。小麦条锈病是由 Pyricularia graminis-tritici（Pygt）引起的，这种物种在遗传上与引起稻瘟病的 Pyricularia oryzae 物种不同。Pygt 具有高度的遗传和表型多样性，以及广泛的宿主范围，使其能够在小麦和其他禾本科宿主之间来回移动。重组被认为主要发生在其他禾本科宿主上，从而导致在麦田中观察到高度多样化的 Pygt 种群。本综述汇集了过去和现在关于小麦条锈病的历史、病因、流行病学、生理学和遗传学的知识，并讨论了未来综合管理策略的必要性。目前最紧迫的需求是加强检疫和生物安全法规，以避免病原体进一步传播到无病国家。需要开展国际育种工作，以开发具有更持久抗性的小麦品种。
