Orosz Ferenc
Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
Acta Parasitol. 2018 Sep 25;63(3):617-633. doi: 10.1515/ap-2018-0071.
Apicortin is a characteristic protein of apicomplexan parasites which has recently been identified in their free-living cousins, chromerids as well. The placozoan Trichoplax adhaerens is the only animal possessing this protein and apicortin is one of its most abundant proteins. The recently published transcriptome of the cnidarian Porites astreoides contains an apicortin-like sequence. Other cnidarians do not have it, thus it is its first occurrence not only in this phylum but also in Eumetazoa. However, its translated amino acid sequence is more similar to apicomplexan apicortins than to that of T. adhaerens, the GC ratio is much higher than either the genome-wide GC ratio of P. astreoides or that of the placozoan apicortin gene, and phylogenetic analyses suggest that this apicortin has an apicomplexan origin. Although these data might be indicative for a horizontal gene transfer event, we should be cautious to state it; it is more probable that it is a contamination from a gregarine, a marine Apicomplexa. Thus T. adhaerens remains the only animal where the presence of apicortin is proved.
顶体蛋白是顶复门寄生虫的一种特征性蛋白,最近在其自由生活的近亲——色虫类中也被发现。扁盘动物黏丝盘虫是唯一拥有这种蛋白的动物,且顶体蛋白是其含量最丰富的蛋白之一。最近公布的珊瑚虫星珊瑚的转录组包含一个类顶体蛋白序列。其他刺胞动物没有该序列,因此它不仅是在这个门中首次出现,也是在真后生动物中首次出现。然而,其翻译后的氨基酸序列与顶复门的顶体蛋白比与黏丝盘虫的顶体蛋白更相似,其GC含量远高于星珊瑚的全基因组GC含量或扁盘动物顶体蛋白基因的GC含量,系统发育分析表明这种顶体蛋白起源于顶复门。尽管这些数据可能表明存在水平基因转移事件,但我们对此下结论时应谨慎;更有可能的是它受到了一种海洋顶复门寄生虫——簇虫的污染。因此,黏丝盘虫仍然是唯一被证实存在顶体蛋白的动物。