Hypertension League-Federal University of Goias, S/N.-Setor Universitário, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
Brigham & Women's Hospital-Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2018 Jul 5;13(7):e0200075. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200075. eCollection 2018.
Multiple cardiovascular risk factors are directly related to the severity of atherosclerosis, even in children and adolescents. In this context accurate assessment of risk factors at the individual level play a decisive role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, the frequency of their coexistence in individuals, and identify possible determinants associated with this coexistence in Brazilian adolescents. A cross-sectional study with 1170 students (12-17 years) from public and private schools of a large city was conducted. In addition to family history, modifiable cardiovascular risk factors were assessed including: tobacco use, alcohol consumption, sedentary lifestyle, overweight/obesity, increased waist circumference, and high blood pressure (office and home). We built a linear regression model to identify determinants associated with increasing number of modifiable risk factors. Mean study population age was 14.7±1.6 years, 67% were enrolled in public schools and 33% in private ones. The majority of the adolescents had at least two risk factors (68.9%), more than 10% had more than 4 risk factors, and in only 6.7% of the sample no risk factor was identified. Family history of CVD (β-coefficient = 1.20; 95%CI 1.07-1.34; p<0.001), increasing age (β-coefficient = 0.08; 95%CI 0.04-0.11; p<0.001), and being enrolled in private schools (β-coefficient = 0.16; 95%CI 0.02-0.30; p = 0.023) were directly associated with the modifiable CV risk factors. In conclusion, the prevalence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors was high in the population of adolescents studied. School based interventions should be addressed to change this scenario.
多种心血管危险因素与动脉粥样硬化的严重程度直接相关，即使在儿童和青少年中也是如此。在这种情况下，个体水平的危险因素准确评估在心血管疾病 (CVD) 预防中起着决定性作用。本研究的目的是评估心血管危险因素的流行率、个体中这些危险因素共存的频率，并确定与巴西青少年这种共存相关的可能决定因素。这是一项横断面研究，共有来自一个大城市的公立和私立学校的 1170 名学生（12-17 岁）参与。除家族史外，还评估了可改变的心血管危险因素，包括：吸烟、饮酒、久坐的生活方式、超重/肥胖、腰围增加和高血压（诊室和家庭）。我们建立了一个线性回归模型来确定与可改变危险因素数量增加相关的决定因素。研究人群的平均年龄为 14.7±1.6 岁，67%的人就读于公立学校，33%的人就读于私立学校。大多数青少年至少有两个危险因素（68.9%），超过 10%的青少年有超过 4 个危险因素，只有 6.7%的样本没有发现危险因素。CVD 家族史（β 系数=1.20；95%CI 1.07-1.34；p<0.001）、年龄增长（β 系数=0.08；95%CI 0.04-0.11；p<0.001）和就读于私立学校（β 系数=0.16；95%CI 0.02-0.30；p=0.023）与可改变的 CV 危险因素直接相关。总之，在所研究的青少年人群中，多种心血管危险因素的流行率很高。应针对学校开展干预措施，以改变这种情况。
