Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Box 13006, SFA Station, Nacogdoches, TX 75962-13006, USA.
Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Stephen F. Austin State University, Box 13006, SFA Station, Nacogdoches, TX 75962-13006, USA.
Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 2018 Nov 5;204:514-524. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.06.096. Epub 2018 Jun 26.
Wastewater sludge (or) biosolids collected from two rural wastewater treatment plants (NWWTP, LWWTP) in East Texas, USA were characterized and evaluated via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and ion chromatography. The proximate organic and inorganic compositions and spectroscopic characteristics of sewage sludge were determined. The results show that the concentrations of toxic metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Hg, and Zn meet USEPA guideline recommendations for land applications. Notably, metals concentrations in biosolids from NWWTP (Mn (700 ± 83) > Zn (422.5 ± 35.4 ppm) > Ba (319.5 ± 87 ppm) > Cu (240 ± 27 ppm) > B (107 ± 14 ppm) > V (24 ± 3.3 ppm) > Cr (20 ± 3.3 ppm) > Ni (16.7 ± 2.0 ppm) > Pb (16.8 ± 1.1 ppm) > As (11.99 ± 1.27 ppm) > Co (7.6 ± 0.7 ppm) > Mo (6.4 ± 1.4 ppm) > Hg (0.55 ± 0.24 ppm) > Cd (0.130 ± 0.109 ppm)) and LWWTP follow similar trends. Macro-elements concentrations in LWWTP follow the trend P (19,648 ± 169) > Fe (22,688 ± 2110) > Ca (9372 ± 163) > S (9010 ± 1009) > Al (12,538 ± 2116) > K (3514 ± 550) > Mg (33,370 ± 502) > Na (1511 ± 472). The Br, NO, NO, F, Cl, and SO concentrations meet USEPA guidelines. Whereas biosolid particle sizes were in the range ~20 μm to 500 μm mineralogical results show quartz and vermiculite to be major constituents with abundancies 12.94%, and 10.87% w/wt, respectively.
美国德克萨斯州东部的两个农村废水处理厂（NWWTP、LWWTP）收集的污水污泥（或）生物固体进行了特征描述和评估，采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱分析（EDX）、热重分析、X 射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）和离子色谱法。确定了污水污泥的近似有机和无机成分和光谱特性。结果表明，有毒金属 Cd、Cr、Cu、Mo、Ni、Pb、Hg 和 Zn 的浓度符合美国环保署关于土地应用的指导方针建议。值得注意的是，NWWTP 生物固体中的金属浓度（Mn（700±83）>Zn（422.5±35.4ppm）>Ba（319.5±87ppm）>Cu（240±27ppm）>B（107±14ppm）>V（24±3.3ppm）>Cr（20±3.3ppm）>Ni（16.7±2.0ppm）>Pb（16.8±1.1ppm）>As（11.99±1.27ppm）>Co（7.6±0.7ppm）>Mo（6.4±1.4ppm）>Hg（0.55±0.24ppm）>Cd（0.130±0.109ppm））和 LWWTP 的趋势相似。LWWTP 的宏量元素浓度遵循 P（19648±169）>Fe（22688±2110）>Ca（9372±163）>S（9010±1009）>Al（12538±2116）>K（3514±550）>Mg（33370±502）>Na（1511±472）的趋势。Br、NO、NO、F、Cl 和 SO 的浓度符合美国环保署的指导方针。虽然生物固体颗粒尺寸在 20μm 到 500μm 之间，但矿物学结果表明石英和蛭石是主要成分，丰度分别为 12.94%和 10.87%w/wt。
