Faculty of Occupational Safety, University of Nis, Niš, Serbia.
Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Nis, Niš, Serbia.
J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2023;58(5):459-468. doi: 10.1080/10934529.2023.2196207. Epub 2023 Apr 5.
The paper provides the physicochemical analysis of galvanic sludge to determine the presence and concentration of toxic metals. Two sludges sampled from the same factory, but from different technological processes, alkaline galvanic sludge obtained from galvanizing process and acidic sludge generated from the chromium plating process were analyzed. Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) revealed increased concentrations of toxic heavy metal ions Zn, Cr, Ni and Pb in the sludge from the galvanizing process and Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd and Zn from the chroming process. Moreover, the sludges were further physicochemically characterized by Reflectance Fourier Transform InfraRed Spectrometry (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy Analysis (SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results of ICP-OES were corroborated by FTIR. Analysis of FTIR spectra revealed the specific bands indicating the existence of metal oxides in the analyzed sludges, as well as the presence of organic substances, i.e. solvents and surfactants, used in the electroplating process. The analysis was accomplished following international norms and confirmed the increased concentrations of heavy metal ions from both sludges. In line with the regulations of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the results proved the hypothesis that galvanic sludge is hazardous waste.
本文对电镀污泥进行了物理化学分析，以确定有毒金属的存在和浓度。对来自同一工厂但来自不同工艺过程的两种污泥进行了分析：一种是镀锌过程中产生的碱性电镀污泥，另一种是镀铬过程中产生的酸性污泥。电感耦合等离子体-光学发射光谱法（ICP-OES）显示，镀锌过程中产生的污泥中有毒重金属离子 Zn、Cr、Ni 和 Pb 的浓度增加，而镀铬过程中产生的污泥中 Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Cd 和 Zn 的浓度也增加。此外，还通过反射傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、带有能量色散 X 射线光谱分析（SEM-EDX）的扫描电子显微镜和 X 射线衍射（XRD）进一步对污泥进行了物理化学特性分析。ICP-OES 的分析结果得到了 FTIR 的证实。FTIR 光谱分析表明，在所分析的污泥中存在指示金属氧化物存在的特定谱带，以及电镀过程中使用的有机溶剂和表面活性剂等有机物质。该分析是按照国际规范进行的，证实了两种污泥中重金属离子浓度的增加。根据环境保护局（EPA）的规定，结果证明了电镀污泥是危险废物的假设。
