Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
Science. 2018 Jul 6;361(6397):85-88. doi: 10.1126/science.aas9411.
Current genetic data are equivocal as to whether goat domestication occurred multiple times or was a singular process. We generated genomic data from 83 ancient goats (51 with genome-wide coverage) from Paleolithic to Medieval contexts throughout the Near East. Our findings demonstrate that multiple divergent ancient wild goat sources were domesticated in a dispersed process that resulted in genetically and geographically distinct Neolithic goat populations, echoing contemporaneous human divergence across the region. These early goat populations contributed differently to modern goats in Asia, Africa, and Europe. We also detect early selection for pigmentation, stature, reproduction, milking, and response to dietary change, providing 8000-year-old evidence for human agency in molding genome variation within a partner species.
目前的遗传数据对于山羊的驯化是多次发生还是单一过程还存在争议。我们从古石器时代到中世纪期间在近东地区的各个地方生成了 83 只古代山羊（51 只具有全基因组覆盖）的基因组数据。我们的研究结果表明，多个不同的古代野生山羊来源被分散驯化，导致了在遗传和地理上有明显区别的新石器时代山羊群体，与该地区同期人类的分化相呼应。这些早期的山羊群体对亚洲、非洲和欧洲的现代山羊有不同的贡献。我们还检测到早期对色素沉着、体型、繁殖、产奶和对饮食变化的反应的选择，为人类在塑造一个伴生物种的基因组变异方面的作用提供了 8000 年的古老证据。
