Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Neural Plast. 2018 May 27;2018:8309483. doi: 10.1155/2018/8309483. eCollection 2018.
Research has shown the effectiveness of observational practice for motor learning, but there continues to be debate about the mechanisms underlying effectiveness. Although cortical processes can be moderated during observation, after both physical and observational practice, how these processes change with respect to behavioural measures of learning has not been studied. Here we compared short-term physical and observational practice during the acquisition and retention of a novel motor task to evaluate how each type of practice modulates EEG mu rhythm (8-13 Hz). Thirty healthy individuals were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) physical practice (PP), (2) observational practice (OP), and (3) no practice (NP) control. There were four testing stages: baseline EEG, practice, postpractice observation, and delayed retention. There was significant bilateral suppression of mu rhythm during PP but only left lateralized mu suppression during OP. In the postpractice observation phase, mu suppression was bilateral and larger after PP compared to that after OP. NP control showed no evidence of suppression and was significantly different to both the OP and PP groups. When comparing the three groups in retention, the groups did not differ with respect to tracing times, but the PP group showed fewer errors, especially in comparison to the NP group. Therefore, although the neurophysiological measures index changes in the OP group, which are similar but moderated in comparison to PP, changes in these processes are not manifest in observational practice outcomes when assessed in a delayed retention test.
研究表明观察练习对运动学习是有效的，但对于其有效性的基础机制仍存在争议。虽然在观察过程中可以调节皮质过程，但在进行身体练习和观察练习之后，这些过程如何随着学习的行为测量而变化尚未得到研究。在这里，我们比较了在学习新运动任务的获得和保持期间的短期身体练习和观察练习，以评估每种类型的练习如何调节 EEG mu 节律（8-13 Hz）。30 名健康个体被随机分配到以下三个组之一：（1）身体练习（PP），（2）观察练习（OP）和（3）无练习（NP）对照组。有四个测试阶段：基线 EEG、练习、练习后观察和延迟保留。在 PP 期间，双侧 mu 节律明显受到抑制，但在 OP 期间仅出现左侧 mu 抑制。在练习后观察阶段，与 OP 后相比，PP 后双侧 mu 抑制更大。NP 对照组没有抑制的证据，与 OP 和 PP 组均有显著差异。在保留期间比较三组时，在追踪时间方面，三组之间没有差异，但 PP 组的错误较少，尤其是与 NP 组相比。因此，尽管神经生理测量指标显示 OP 组的变化与 PP 组相似，但在延迟保留测试中评估时，这些过程的变化在观察练习结果中并不明显。
