Zhang Jun-Hai, Gu Jian-Wen, Li Bing-Cang, Gao Fa-Bao, Liao Xiao-Ming, Cui Shao-Jie
Department of Neurosurgery, The 306th Hospital of The People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100101, P.R. China.
Research Institute of Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, P.R. China.
Exp Ther Med. 2018 Jul;16(1):93-102. doi: 10.3892/etm.2018.6146. Epub 2018 May 10.
Although studies concerning blast-related traumatic brain injury (bTBI) have demonstrated the significance of diffuse axonal injury (DAI), no standard models for this type of injury have been widely accepted. The present study investigated a mechanism of inducing DAI through real blast injury, which was achieved by performing instantaneous high-speed swinging of the rat head, thus establishing a stable animal model of blast DAI. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150±10 g were randomly divided into experimental (n=16), control (n=10) and sham control (n=6) groups. The frontal, parietal and occipital cortex of the rats in the experimental group were exposed, whereas those of the control group were unexposed; the sham control group rats were anesthetized and attached to the craniocerebral blast device without experiencing a blast. The rats were subjected to craniocerebral blast injury through a blast equivalent to 400 mg of trinitrotoluene using an electric detonator. Biomechanical parameters, and physical and behavioural changes of the sagittal head swing were measured using a high-speed camera. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were conducted at 2, 12, 24 and 48 h after craniocerebral injury, only the experimental group indicated brain stem injury. The rats were sacrificed immediately following the MRI at 48 h for pathological examination of the brain stem using haematoxylin and eosin staining. The results indicated that 14 rats (87.5%) in the experimental group exhibited blast DAI, while no DAI was observed in the control and sham control groups, and the difference between the groups was significant (P<0.05). The present results indicated that this experimental design may serve to provide a stable model of blast DAI in rats.
尽管有关爆炸相关创伤性脑损伤（bTBI）的研究已经证明了弥漫性轴索损伤（DAI）的重要性，但这种损伤类型的标准模型尚未被广泛接受。本研究通过对大鼠头部进行瞬时高速摆动来模拟真实爆炸损伤，从而研究诱导DAI的机制，进而建立了一种稳定的爆炸致DAI动物模型。将体重为150±10 g的成年Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为实验组（n=16）、对照组（n=10）和假手术对照组（n=6）。实验组大鼠的额叶、顶叶和枕叶皮质暴露，而对照组未暴露；假手术对照组大鼠麻醉后固定在颅脑爆炸装置上但未经历爆炸。使用电雷管对大鼠进行相当于400 mg三硝基甲苯的颅脑爆炸损伤。使用高速摄像机测量矢状头摆动的生物力学参数以及物理和行为变化。在颅脑损伤后2、12、24和48小时进行磁共振成像（MRI）扫描，只有实验组显示脑干损伤。在48小时MRI扫描后立即处死大鼠，使用苏木精和伊红染色对脑干进行病理检查。结果表明，实验组中有14只大鼠（87.5%）表现出爆炸致DAI，而对照组和假手术对照组未观察到DAI，组间差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。本研究结果表明，该实验设计可为大鼠爆炸致DAI提供稳定的模型。
