Lo Celia C, Runnels Ratonia C, Cheng Tyrone C
Department of Sociology and Social Work, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX, USA.
Department of Social Work and Child Advocacy, Montclair State University, NJ, USA.
SAGE Open Med. 2018 Jun 22;6:2050312118783414. doi: 10.1177/2050312118783414. eCollection 2018.
This study applying the health services utilization model examined the importance of predisposing, enabling, and need variables to the social mechanisms explaining lifetime HIV testing across racial/ethnic groups. Data for the study were derived from the National Health Interview Survey (collected 2013-2014), our final sample numbering 18,574 adults. Four subsamples reflected race/ethnicity: 13,347 Whites, 2267 Blacks, 2074 Hispanics, and 886 Asians. Logistic regression established respondent odds of ever having received HIV testing. Further statistical testing evaluated race/ethnicity's potential moderating role in HIV testing. The findings generally support a role for Aday's predisposing, enabling, and need factors in explaining HIV testing. Across the four subsamples, female gender, older age, and sexual minority status consistently increased lifetime HIV testing. However, we found racial/ethnic differences in HIV testing's associations with these factors and others. Our study made a beginning in the effort to specify mechanisms leading to HIV testing-and reliable diagnosis-among four racial/ethnic groups. Understanding these mechanisms might multiply opportunities to raise testing rates for all, in turn reducing racial/ethnic disparities in HIV treatment.
本研究应用卫生服务利用模型，考察了易患因素、促成因素和需求变量对于解释不同种族/族裔群体终身艾滋病毒检测情况的社会机制的重要性。该研究的数据源自《国民健康访谈调查》（2013 - 2014年收集），我们的最终样本为18574名成年人。四个子样本反映了种族/族裔情况：13347名白人、2267名黑人、2074名西班牙裔和886名亚裔。逻辑回归分析确定了受访者接受过艾滋病毒检测的几率。进一步的统计检验评估了种族/族裔在艾滋病毒检测中可能起到的调节作用。研究结果总体上支持阿代的易患因素、促成因素和需求因素在解释艾滋病毒检测方面所发挥的作用。在这四个子样本中，女性、年长者和性少数群体身份一直会增加终身艾滋病毒检测的几率。然而，我们发现艾滋病毒检测与这些因素及其他因素之间的关联存在种族/族裔差异。我们的研究初步尝试明确导致四个种族/族裔群体进行艾滋病毒检测及可靠诊断的机制。了解这些机制可能会增加提高所有人检测率的机会，进而减少艾滋病毒治疗方面的种族/族裔差异。
