Stanford Center for Asian Health Research and Education, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Ross Research Building Room 1064, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2024 Oct;11(5):2638-2648. doi: 10.1007/s40615-023-01728-w. Epub 2023 Aug 1.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that individuals aged 13-64 test for HIV at least once during their lifetime. However, screening has been disproportionate among racial/ethnic populations. Using the National Health Interview Survey data (2006-2018), we examined HIV screening prevalence within racial/ethnic groups in the United States (US), and factors associated with testing among 301,191 individuals. This consisted of 195,696 White, 42,409 Black, 47,705 Hispanic and 15,381 Asian individuals. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to estimate the association between ever testing for HIV and demographic, socioeconomic and health-related factors. Approximately 36% of White, 61% of Black, 47% of Hispanic and 36% of Asian individuals reported ever testing for HIV. Hispanic (OR = 1.28, 95% CI [1.25-1.32]) and Black individuals (OR = 2.44, 95% CI [2.38-2.50]) had higher odds of HIV testing, whereas Asian individuals (OR = 0.74, 95% CI [0.71-0.77]) had lower odds of HIV testing compared to White individuals. Individuals who identified as males, married, between the ages of 18-26 years or greater than or equal to 50 years were less likely to ever test for HIV compared to their counterparts. Similarly, those with lower education, lower income, better self-reported health, no health professional visits or living in the midwestern US were less likely to ever test for HIV compared to their counterparts (OR range: 0.14-0.92). Understanding the factors associated with HIV testing opens opportunities to increase testing rates for all and reduce health disparities in HIV detection.
疾病控制与预防中心建议，13-64 岁的个人一生中至少进行一次艾滋病毒检测。然而，这种筛查在不同种族/族裔人群中的分布并不均衡。利用全国健康访谈调查数据（2006-2018 年），我们在美国（美国）的不同种族/族裔群体中检查了艾滋病毒筛查的流行率，并研究了 301191 人进行检测的相关因素。这包括 195696 名白人、42409 名黑人、47705 名西班牙裔和 15381 名亚裔。我们使用逻辑回归计算比值比（OR）和 95%置信区间（CI），以评估艾滋病毒检测的几率与人口统计学、社会经济和健康相关因素之间的关联。大约 36%的白人、61%的黑人、47%的西班牙裔和 36%的亚裔报告曾接受过艾滋病毒检测。西班牙裔（OR=1.28，95%CI[1.25-1.32]）和黑人（OR=2.44，95%CI[2.38-2.50]）接受艾滋病毒检测的几率更高，而亚裔（OR=0.74，95%CI[0.71-0.77]）接受艾滋病毒检测的几率较低与白人相比。与同龄人相比，男性、已婚、年龄在 18-26 岁或 50 岁及以上的个人更不可能接受艾滋病毒检测。同样，那些受教育程度较低、收入较低、自我报告健康状况较好、没有接受过卫生专业人员的访问或居住在美国中西部的个人与同龄人相比，接受艾滋病毒检测的几率也较低（OR 范围：0.14-0.92）。了解与艾滋病毒检测相关的因素为提高所有人的检测率和减少艾滋病毒检测中的健康差距提供了机会。
