英语学习儿童的数学困难与工作记忆发展：双语能力是否发挥重要作用？
Math Difficulties and Working Memory Growth in English Language Learner Children: Does Bilingual Proficiency Play a Significant Role?
作者信息
Swanson H Lee, Kong Jennifer, Petcu Stefania
机构信息
Educational Psychology, College of Education, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.
Office of Research and Community Engagement, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.
出版信息
Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch. 2018 Jul 5;49(3):379-394. doi: 10.1044/2018_LSHSS-17-0098.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to determine those components of working memory (WM) that play a significant role in predicting math growth in children who are English language learners (N = 157) with serious math difficulties (MD).
METHOD
A battery of tests was administered in English and Spanish that assessed computation, reading, vocabulary, inhibition, and components of WM in Grade 1 children with follow-up testing in Grades 2 and 3.
RESULTS
The results indicated that growth in the executive component of WM was related to growth in math performance. Proficient bilingual children (proficient in both Spanish and English vocabulary) with MD outperformed less proficient bilingual children with MD on measures of math calculation, fluid intelligence, reading, and Spanish WM at Grade 3.
CONCLUSION
Growth in the executive component of WM is significantly related to growth in math computation, and increased bilingual proficiency across testing waves yielded positive gains in both math and cognitive performance in children with MD.
目的
本研究旨在确定工作记忆（WM）的哪些组成部分在预测有严重数学困难（MD）的英语学习者儿童（N = 157）的数学成绩增长方面发挥重要作用。
方法
对一年级儿童进行了一系列用英语和西班牙语进行的测试，评估计算、阅读、词汇、抑制能力和工作记忆的组成部分，并在二、三年级进行后续测试。
结果
结果表明，工作记忆执行成分的增长与数学成绩的增长相关。在三年级时，患有MD的熟练双语儿童（西班牙语和英语词汇都熟练）在数学计算、流体智力、阅读和西班牙语工作记忆方面的表现优于患有MD的不太熟练的双语儿童。
结论
工作记忆执行成分的增长与数学计算的增长显著相关，并且在不同测试阶段提高双语能力会使患有MD的儿童在数学和认知表现方面都有积极的提升。
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