Allely Clare S, Cooper Penny
Lecturer in Psychology, Centre for Health Sciences Research, University of Salford, Salford, England; affiliate member of the Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Honorary Research Fellow position in the College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences affiliated to the Institute of Health and Wellbeing at the University of Glasgow, Scotland.
J Law Med. 2017 Nov;25(1):105-123.
Concern has been highlighted in the literature regarding how juries and judges handle cases which involve a defendant with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The relatively little research on judicial perceptions or decision-making regarding individuals with ASD indicates that judges have limited understanding and familiarity with high-functioning ASD (hfASD) and ASD. The present systematic review will identify studies which investigate jurors' (eg using mock jurors) and/or judges' evaluations of defendants with ASD and studies which investigate whether the defendant diagnosis of ASD impacts on sentencing. Only four studies were identified which investigated jurors' and/or judges' evaluations of a defendant with an ASD or investigated whether the defendant diagnosis of ASD impacts on sentencing. Further research is recommended which should include an evaluation of cases involving a defendant with an hfASD or ASD diagnosis comparing charges, pleas entered, procedural adjustments at court, evidence adduced about the defendant's condition, directions to juries, judicial remarks on the evidence (eg summing-up for the jury), verdicts and sentencing. This would enable the assessment of the specific offending behaviour and disorder of the defendant, and how these may be relevant to their mental capacity and culpability.
文献中已强调了关于陪审团和法官如何处理涉及患有自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）被告的案件的问题。相对较少有关于法官对患有ASD的个体的认知或决策的研究表明，法官对高功能ASD（hfASD）和ASD的了解和熟悉程度有限。本系统综述将识别调查陪审员（如使用模拟陪审员）和/或法官对患有ASD的被告的评估的研究，以及调查被告的ASD诊断是否会影响量刑的研究。仅识别出四项研究，这些研究调查了陪审员和/或法官对患有ASD的被告的评估，或调查了被告的ASD诊断是否会影响量刑。建议进行进一步的研究，其中应包括对涉及患有hfASD或ASD诊断的被告的案件进行评估，比较指控、提出的认罪、法庭上的程序调整、关于被告状况的证据、对陪审团的指示、法官对证据的评论（如对陪审团的总结陈词）、裁决和量刑。这将能够评估被告的具体犯罪行为和病症，以及这些行为和病症如何与他们的心理能力和罪责相关。
