Passo Fundo University, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Nutrition. 2018 Nov;55-56:104-110. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.03.053. Epub 2018 Mar 30.
The aim of this study was to assess nutritional status and associated factors in elderly individuals.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in residential homes with a probabilistic cluster sample. Two-hundred eighty-seven individuals 65-74 y of age were interviewed and examined in the city of Cruz Alta, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the socioeconomic, behavioral, and general health conditions; the number of present teeth were counted. Nutrition was assessed with a validated instrument-the Mini Nutritional Assessment-which classifies the patient as normal (eutrophic), at nutritional risk, or malnourished. For data analysis, the participants were categorized in eutrophic or at nutritional risk (at risk of malnutrition + malnourished). The associations were assessed by either the χ or Mann-Whitney tests. Uni- and multivariate Poisson regression analyses verified the associations. The significance level was set at 5%.
The prevalence of nutritional risk was 48.4%. In the multivariate model, edentulous individuals with no complete denture or with only one complete denture (prevalence ratio PR, 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-2.13) and elderly individuals with no access to the dentist (PR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.11-1.88) presented higher potential for nutritional risk than their respective controls.
The results showed that approximately half of the participants (48.4%) were at nutritional risk. The lack of complete or partial rehabilitation of edentulous patients and the lack of access to the dentist were associated with higher nutrition risk.
本研究旨在评估老年人的营养状况及其相关因素。
本横断面研究采用概率聚类抽样对养老院进行研究。在巴西南里奥格兰德州克鲁扎多市，对 287 名 65-74 岁的老年人进行访谈和体检。使用结构化问卷评估社会经济、行为和一般健康状况；记录现有的牙齿数量。采用经过验证的 Mini Nutritional Assessment 工具评估营养状况，该工具将患者分为正常（营养良好）、存在营养风险或营养不良。为了数据分析，将参与者分为营养良好或存在营养风险（存在营养不良风险+营养不良）。采用 χ 或 Mann-Whitney 检验评估关联。单变量和多变量泊松回归分析验证了关联。显著性水平设定为 5%。
营养风险的患病率为 48.4%。在多变量模型中，无全口义齿或仅有一口全口义齿的无牙患者（患病率比 PR，1.59；95%置信区间 [CI]，1.18-2.13）和无法看牙医的老年人（PR，1.48；95% CI，1.11-1.88）比各自的对照组更有可能存在营养风险。
结果表明，约一半的参与者（48.4%）存在营养风险。无牙患者完全或部分修复缺失以及无法看牙医与更高的营养风险相关。
