Bóna Enikő, Forgács Attila, Túry Ferenc
Magatartástudományi Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4., 1089.
Pedagógiai és Pszichológiai Intézet, Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem Budapest.
Orv Hetil. 2018 Jul;159(28):1153-1157. doi: 10.1556/650.2018.31090.
There are two notable eating behaviors that are not far from having their own category as a mental disorder: the purging disorder, that is already among the DSM-5 non-specific eating disorders, and orthorexia nervosa, when a person is fixating too much on healthy foods. Our purpose is to describe how these can be observed in recreational juice cleanse camps, which are very popular today as an alternative health trend.
The first author recorded her data during multisited ethnographic observations in two Hungarian juice cleanse camps. Based on the diary logs, notes and interviews collected, we will present the motives of eating anomalies that the participants had shown.
The main motive of the camp is "detoxification". The lack of solid food, drastically low calorie intake and lots of physical activity will bring an inevitable change in the body, that is interpreted as toxins leaving the body. Participants have also included deliberate use of laxatives in their everyday routines, with which they associate positive connotations and are linked to the spiritual processes of "letting it go" and "renewal" in the spirit of a holistic approach. The use of symbols in the physiological processes was highly noticeable. Rapid weight loss due to diuresis, the desire for "clean" meals, and "self-rewarding" borrowed from the esoteric-self-help culture are also common motives. Due to the refeeding complications, so far two deaths have been reported by camp organizers.
Both purging disorder and orthorexia nervosa can be well-identified in our observations. This shows that also in the non-clinical environment, there is an institutionalization of eating habits that are dangerous to the health. This "detox" is not only physiologically harmful, but it is not proved to provide long-term help in mental health either. As a solution, we advocate developing an appropriate health communication plan for misconceptions about healthy lifestyle and eating, and also a promotion of psychotherapeutic opportunities. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(28): 1153-1157.
有两种值得注意的饮食行为，它们距离被归为一种精神障碍已不远：清除障碍，它已被列入《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版的非特定饮食障碍之中；以及神经性食洁癖，即一个人过度执着于健康食品。我们的目的是描述在如今作为一种另类健康潮流而非常流行的休闲果蔬汁排毒营中，如何观察到这些情况。
第一作者在对匈牙利的两个果蔬汁排毒营进行多地点人种志观察期间记录了数据。基于所收集的日记记录、笔记和访谈，我们将呈现参与者所表现出的饮食异常动机。
这些营地的主要动机是“排毒”。固体食物的缺失、极低的卡路里摄入量以及大量的体育活动会给身体带来不可避免的变化，这种变化被解释为毒素离开身体。参与者在日常生活中还会有意使用泻药，他们赋予其积极的含义，并将其与整体疗法精神下“放下”和“更新”的精神过程联系起来。生理过程中符号的使用非常明显。因利尿导致的快速体重减轻、对“清洁”饮食的渴望以及从深奥的自助文化中借鉴而来的“自我奖励”也是常见的动机。由于再进食并发症，营地组织者迄今已报告两起死亡事件。
在我们的观察中，清除障碍和神经性食洁癖都能被很好地识别出来。这表明，即使在非临床环境中，对健康有害的饮食习惯也存在制度化现象。这种“排毒”不仅在生理上有害，而且在心理健康方面也未被证明能提供长期帮助。作为一种解决方案，我们主张针对对健康生活方式和饮食的误解制定适当的健康传播计划，并推广心理治疗机会。《匈牙利医学周报》。2018年；159(28):1153 - 1157。
