Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QT, UK; GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, LS6 3QT, UK.
Soc Sci Med. 2019 Apr;227:76-83. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.06.027. Epub 2018 Jun 25.
The environment may lead to lower body mass index (BMI) and obesity risk by providing opportunities to be physically active. However, while intuitively appealing, associations are often inconsistent in direction and small scale. This longitudinal study examined if change in BMI and obesity was associated with the availability of physical activity (PA) facilities and parks and explored if these associations differed by age. Longitudinal data (n = 8,864, aged 18-86 years) were provided at baseline (wave I: 2010-2012) and follow up (wave II: 2013-2015) of the Yorkshire Health Study. BMI was calculated using self-reported height (cm) and weight (kg) (obesity = BMI≥30.00). To define availability, home addresses were geocoded based on postcode zone centroids and neighbourhood was defined as a 2 km radial buffer. PA facilities were sourced from Ordnance Survey Points of Interest (PoI) and parks were sourced from OpenStreetMap. Environmental data temporally matched individual-level baseline data collection. PA facilities (b = -0.006 [-0.015, 0.003]) and parks (b = -0.001 [-0.015, 0.013]) at baseline were not associated with change in BMI. Change in obesity was unrelated to parks (OR = 0.994 [0.975, 1.015]) and while PA facilities were related (OR = 0.979 [0.965, 0.993]), effects were small. A combined measure of the recreational PA environment including parks and PA facilities was unrelated to change in BMI and obesity. Despite this, statistically significant interactions were found for both PA facilities, parks, and change in obesity by age. Based on the premise that an individual's mobility varies with age, and although effects were small, this offers tentative evidence which suggests it may be useful for policymakers in Public Health and Planning to consider the impact of environmental interventions across the life course.
环境可能通过提供体育活动的机会来降低体重指数（BMI）和肥胖风险。然而，尽管这种关联直观上很有吸引力，但在方向和规模上往往不一致。这项纵向研究调查了 BMI 和肥胖的变化是否与体育活动（PA）设施和公园的可用性有关，并探讨了这些关联是否因年龄而异。纵向数据（n=8864，年龄 18-86 岁）来自约克郡健康研究的基线（第 I 波：2010-2012 年）和随访（第 II 波：2013-2015 年）。BMI 通过自我报告的身高（cm）和体重（kg）计算（肥胖=BMI≥30.00）。为了定义可用性，家庭地址基于邮政编码区中心点进行地理编码，社区定义为 2 公里的径向缓冲区。PA 设施来源于 Ordnance Survey 兴趣点（PoI），公园来源于 OpenStreetMap。环境数据与个体基线数据收集的时间相匹配。基线时的 PA 设施（b=-0.006 [-0.015, 0.003]）和公园（b=-0.001 [-0.015, 0.013]）与 BMI 的变化无关。肥胖的变化与公园无关（OR=0.994 [0.975, 1.015]），而 PA 设施相关（OR=0.979 [0.965, 0.993]），但效果很小。包括公园和 PA 设施在内的休闲 PA 环境的综合指标与 BMI 和肥胖的变化无关。尽管如此，还是发现了 PA 设施、公园和肥胖变化的年龄相关的统计学显著交互作用。基于个人流动性随年龄变化的前提，尽管效果较小，但这提供了初步证据，表明对于公共卫生和规划领域的政策制定者来说，考虑整个生命周期中环境干预的影响可能是有用的。
