College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
Front Public Health. 2022 Jun 10;10:904903. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.904903. eCollection 2022.
To explore the relationship between kindergarten environmental factors, children's physical activity, and physical fitness, this study uses the stratified random sampling method to obtain 4,600 children in relevant kindergartens. The questionnaire survey and children's physical fitness test were completed with the help of parents and kindergarten staff. The exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis is used to process the obtained database and set the significance level of all indicators α = 0.05. The results show that kindergarten environmental factors significantly affect children's physical activity and healthy physical fitness. Children with large play areas in these kindergartens, more sports equipment items, who participate in more than three games per week, of no <40 min of each class, with an appropriate number of classes, and excellent teachers' teaching ability have better physical fitness. Family environmental factors significantly affect children's physical activity and fitness. Children with more family sports equipment items, more peers living nearby, safer playing places, more hands and feet, and parents who are good at sports have better performance in health fitness. Children's physical activity not only directly affects their performance of physical fitness, but also plays a dual intermediary role between kindergarten environment and physical fitness, family environment, and healthy physical fitness.
为了探究幼儿园环境因素、儿童身体活动与体质健康之间的关系，本研究采用分层随机抽样方法，从相关幼儿园中抽取 4600 名儿童。在家长和幼儿园工作人员的帮助下，完成了问卷调查和儿童体质健康测试。运用探索性（EFA）和验证性（CFA）因子分析处理所获得的数据库，并将所有指标的显著性水平α设置为 0.05。结果表明，幼儿园环境因素对儿童身体活动和健康体质有显著影响。在这些幼儿园中，有较大游戏区域、更多运动器材项目、每周参与超过 3 次游戏、每节课时长不小于 40 分钟、班级数量适当、且教师教学能力优秀的儿童，其体质健康状况更好。家庭环境因素对儿童身体活动和体质健康有显著影响。拥有更多家庭运动器材、附近有更多同伴、有更安全的游戏场所、手脚更灵活、且擅长运动的父母的儿童，在体质健康方面表现更好。儿童身体活动不仅直接影响其体质健康表现，还在幼儿园环境、家庭环境与体质健康之间起到双重中介作用。
