CBM International, Bensheim, Germany.
Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2018 Sep-Oct;7(5):331-338. doi: 10.22608/APO.2018148. Epub 2018 Jul 9.
To assess the impact of inclusive eye health programs for people with disabilities.
A synthesis evaluation study.
A cross-disciplinary team of ophthalmologists, evaluation, and disability-inclusive development advisors purposively selected evaluation reports of CBM-supported inclusive eye health programs in low- and middle-income countries. Employing a change-promoting paradigm, salient achievements and challenges were narratively analyzed and recommendations suggested based on a previously developed framework for strengthening disability inclusion in eye health programs.
Evaluations from 10 programs implemented in 6 countries (Cambodia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Pakistan, Vietnam) from 2011 to 2016 were identified. Training of medical staff and government officials resulted in increased awareness about disability rights and improved physical accessibility of eye health facilities. Relevant information about inclusion in eye health was incorporated in national eye health training curricula in some countries. Information, education, and communication material about eye health neglected patients with hearing and learning impairments. An overly narrow focus on disability inclusion confounded intersectoral barriers to eye health services. Collaboration of eye health staff with disability peoples organizations improved significantly but evidence of its impact was elusive. Collection of disability-disaggregated data posed significant challenges and made it difficult to demonstrate increased access to eye health programs by people with disabilities.
Introduction of disability inclusion in eye health systems of countries with limited resources poses significant challenges. Future programs striving to improve access to eye health services for marginalized populations including people with disabilities might consider more flexible and contextualized approaches.
评估为残疾人提供全面眼保健计划的影响。
综合评价研究。
由眼科医生、评估和残疾包容发展顾问组成的跨学科团队，有目的地选择了中低收入国家中以 CBM 为支持的全面眼保健计划的评估报告。采用促进变革的范式，根据先前制定的在眼保健计划中加强残疾包容的框架，对显著成就和挑战进行了叙述性分析，并提出了建议。
从 2011 年至 2016 年，在 6 个国家（柬埔寨、埃及、埃塞俄比亚、印度尼西亚、巴基斯坦、越南）实施的 10 个项目中确定了评估结果。对医务人员和政府官员的培训提高了他们对残疾权利的认识，并改善了眼保健设施的物理可达性。一些国家将有关纳入眼保健的信息纳入了国家眼保健培训课程。关于眼保健的信息、教育和宣传材料忽视了有听力和学习障碍的患者。对残疾包容的过分狭隘关注使眼保健服务面临的跨部门障碍更加复杂。眼保健工作人员与残疾人民间组织的合作得到了显著改善，但证据难以证明其对残疾人获得眼保健服务的影响。收集残疾分类数据带来了重大挑战，难以证明残疾人更能获得眼保健服务。
在资源有限的国家引入残疾包容到眼保健系统中存在重大挑战。未来旨在改善边缘化人群（包括残疾人）获得眼保健服务的计划可能需要考虑更灵活和具体情况的方法。
